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Item Advocacy 101 for Interventional Cardiologists: A Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions Policy Statement(Elsevier, 2023-07-27) Goldsweig, Andrew M.; Box, Lyndon C.; Hoyer, Mark; Klein, Andrew J.; Lata, Kusum; Rooney, Curtis; Snyder, Richard W.; Tariq, Afnan; Toggart, Edward; Tukaye, Deepali; Cigarroa, Joaquin E.; Pediatrics, School of MedicineAdvocacy is a core mission of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions (SCAI). SCAI advocates on behalf of interventional cardiologists and our patients. This document provides foundational information and a toolkit for grassroots advocacy by interventional cardiologists. The first half of the document summarizes how health care laws are made, how medical devices are approved, and how procedure reimbursement is determined. The second half of the document is a playbook of advocacy strategies: legislative advocacy, judicial advocacy, advocacy with regulators and payors, advocacy in the media, and participation in SCAI advocacy initiatives, such as the Government Relations Committee and SCAI Political Action Committee. Equipped with this toolbox, interventional cardiologists must increase our advocacy activities with government, payors, and industry.Item Congenital Pulmonary Vein Stenosis: Encouraging Mid-term Outcome(Springer, 2015-08) Charlagorla, Pradeepkumar; Becerra, David; Patel, Parth M.; Hoyer, Mark; Darragh, Robert K.; Department of Pediatrics, IU School of MedicineCongenital pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is a rare entity with limited outcome literature. Multiple interventional approaches have evolved including surgical and catheterization techniques. Our objective is to report our center experience and to compare short-term and mid-term outcomes among these therapeutic modalities. Retrospective study on 23 patients (n = 23) with PVS that required intervention over the last 13 years (2000–2013). Patients were divided into three groups based on type of initial intervention. Of these, 10 (43.5 %) had balloon angioplasty, 3 (13.0 %) had surgical dilation, and 10 (43.5 %) had surgical marsupialization. Mortality and number of re-interventions were our primary outcomes. Mean age at diagnosis was 10.9 ± 18.4 months. Mean age at initial intervention was 14.5 ± 18.0 months. Mean pre- and post-initial intervention PVS gradients were 9.2 ± 3.4 and 3.4 ± 2.2 mmHg, respectively. Mean survival time and re-intervention-free survival time were 4.8 ± 4.0 and 2.8 ± 3.4 years. No statistical significance was found between the interventions with respect to survival time (p = 0.52) and re-intervention free time (p = 0.78). High initial pre- and post-intervention gradients were significantly associated with re-intervention-free survival (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). Patients with bilateral disease have increased mortality (p = 0.01) and decreased 5-year survival (p = 0.009) compared to patients with unilateral disease irrespective of type of intervention. No statistically significant difference in mortality or re-intervention rate was present among these different therapeutic modalities. This study has the longest follow-up so far reported in the current literature (58 months) with overall survival of 78 %.Item Non-invasive cardiac output monitoring (NICOM) in adult congenital heart disease patients with Fontan palliation(Elsevier, 2021-12) Quain, Angela; Hoyer, Mark; Ephrem, Georges; Kay, W. Aaron; Medicine, School of MedicineRationale Fontan palliation for single ventricle malformations is an increasingly common reason for heart failure in the adult population. Cardiac output (CO) measurement in Fontan physiology is achieved by invasive cardiac catheterization (RHC). Noninvasive CO monitors using thoracic bioreactance (NICOM) have been validated in non-congenital patients but have not been studied in adult Fontan patients. Objective To compare RHC obtained values of CO using the Fick equation with those measured simultaneously by NICOM in a cohort of adults with Fontan palliation. Methods and results In nineteen patients undergoing routine outpatient RHC, we compared CO values as determined by Fick with those generated by the Starling SV NICOM device. Bland-Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) revealed internal consistency within NICOM measurements, however the agreement between RHC and NICOM for CO was poor (ICCs ∼ 0.40). We performed sub-analyses using two-sample T-tests and ICCs to determine if clinical cyanosis, acute desaturation, or Fontan pressure affected the difference observed between RHC and NICOM. Neither chronic hypoxia, acute desaturation, nor Fontan pressure measures were found to be associated with the observed difference between the RHC and NICOM measured CO. Discussion and conclusion Our study did not find a correlation between RHC and NICOM derived measures of CO in a cohort of Fontan patients, even in sub-analyses of confounders of Fontan physiology. We observed internal consistency within the device, which may open a role for monitoring of trends rather than absolute values in Fontan patients. Our study was limited due to small sample size.