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Browsing by Author "Han, Xiao"
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Item 16 Years of Charitable Giving Research(2019-12-12) Osili, Una; Clark, Chelsea; Han, XiaoThe underlying data for this research brief is drawn from the Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy’s Philanthropy Panel Study (PPS)—a signature research project of the school. The PPS, formerly known as the Center on Philanthropy Panel Study (COPPS), follows the same families’ philanthropic behaviors throughout their lives. The study provides nonprofit sector professionals, fundraisers, policymakers and public officials a unique perspective of household giving and volunteering behaviors over time.Item Changes to the Giving Landscape(2019-10-22) Clark, Chelsea; Han, Xiao; Osili, UnaThis report presents a detailed analysis of shifts in American household giving from the year 2000 to 2016, which includes information about giving behaviors from before (2000-2008) and after (2010-2016) the Great Recession (which occurred from December 2007-June 2009). Understanding changes in how American households are giving can provide useful insights for donors, leaders, and policy makers.Item Charitable giving role-modeling: parent transmission frequency and adolescent reception(Oxford University Press, 2023-07-18) Ottoni-Wilhelm, Mark; Osili, Una; Han, Xiao; Lilly Family School of PhilanthropyExperiments indicate that adult role-modeling of giving has a causal effect on giving done by children, but a previous investigation using data from a natural setting suggests zero causal effect of parent role-modeling on their adolescents' giving. This article presents new evidence about the divergent findings: (i) parent giving does not automatically translate into adolescents knowing that their parents give, and (ii) adolescents are much less likely to know that their parents give if parents give from time-to-time. The results suggest new experimental designs that randomize (a) the frequency of role-modeling, (b) communication approaches that explain role-modeling actions to children, and (c) whether the receiving organization is in-group or out-group. The practical implications of the results are that frequent giving by a parent is necessary for adolescents to successfully 'receive' the role model, but may not be sufficient. Purposeful communication is needed to ensure that adolescents know that their parents are giving.Item Dynamics of American Giving: Descriptive Evidence(Sage, 2021-08) Rooney, Patrick M.; Ottoni-Wilhelm, Mark; Wang, Xiaoyun; Han, Xiao; Lilly Family School of PhilanthropyAlmost all of the scientific literature on charitable giving is implicitly based on a static paradigm which posits there are non-donors who never give and donors who habitually give year-in/year-out to a specific charitable purpose. This article presents evidence that charitable giving is not static, but dynamic: Few Americans never give, and among Americans that donate the majority are switchers—giving in some years but not others or switching from one charitable purpose to another. The implications are that a static perspective is misleading, and research questions should place more emphasis on the time dimension of charitable giving.Item The Giving Environment: Understanding Pre-Pandemic Trends in Charitable Giving(2021-07-27) Osili, Una; Zarins, Sasha; Han, XiaoCharitable giving reached an all-time high in 2020 with Americans donating $471 billion. This includes an adjustment of over $4 billion for COVID-19 relief and racial justice giving on top of what would normally be expected for those types of causes in 2020. However, in order to better understand these trends, we need to better understand the landscape of philanthropy before the onset of the pandemic and the increased awareness of social and racial justice issues.Item Giving Voice beyond Her Vote: How Women Used Charitable Giving to Create Social Change after the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election(De Gruyter, 2020-07) Mesch, Debra J.; Osili, Una O.; Bergdoll, Jonathan J.; Skidmore, Tessa B.; Ackerman, Jacqueline E.; Han, Xiao; Lilly Family School of PhilanthropyThis study fills a gap in research on the philanthropic outcomes of political events. More specifically, it provides empirical evidence to supplement anecdotal reports that nonprofit organizations experienced a substantial increase in donations following the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Based on daily transaction data from an online giving platform, the study uses random-effect panel Ordinary Least Squares models to examine whether and how charitable giving patterns changed after Election Day 2016. Overall, our analyses show no evidence of increased giving due to the election; however, gender differences are apparent. Women donated in greater amounts than men following Election Day, and they appear to have targeted relevant progressive charities with their giving.Item Heterogeneity and Giving: Evidence From U.S. Households Before and After the Great Recession of 2008(Sage, 2019-12) Osili, Una O.; Clark, Chelsea Jacqueline; Han, Xiao; Lilly Family School of PhilanthropyBefore the Great Recession of 2008, a stable two-thirds of the U.S. population donated to charitable causes in any given year. However, the fraction of American donors has declined by 11% since the Great Recession. In this article, we investigate pre- and postrecession charitable giving between 2000 to 2014. By examining household dynamics including race and ethnicity, age, gender, and educational attainment, this article uncovers changes in giving behaviors and provides new insights into how the Great Recession of 2008 affected both giving rates and amounts. It also discusses the implications for civil society and the need to build resilience for responding to future economic shocks.Item How Women & Men Give Around Retirement(2018-07-24) Osili, Una; Mesch, Debra; Ackerman, Jacqueline; Pactor, Andrea; Han, Xiao; O'Connor, HeatherThis study is the first known research to examine how retirement affects charitable giving. It looks at single men, single women, and married couples to analyze whether gender differences in giving or volunteering emerge among individuals at retirement. Additionally, it examines how giving changes during a range of years before and after retirement, with the understanding that preparing and undergoing such a life change is a process rather than one moment in time.Item Tax Incentives for Charitable Giving: New Findings from the TCJA(Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy, 2024-07-29) Han, Xiao; Hungerman, Daniel M.; Ottoni-Wilhelm, MarkThe Tax Cuts and Jobs Act eliminated federal charitable giving incentives for roughly 20 percent of US income-tax payers. We study the impact of this on giving. Basic theory and our empirical results suggest heterogeneous effects for taxpayers with different amounts of itemizable expenses. Overall, the reform decreased charitable giving by about $20 billion annually. Using a new method to adjust estimates for retimed giving, we find evidence of moderate intertemporal shifts from pre-announcement of the law. The permanent price elasticity of giving estimates range from .6 for the average donor to over 2 for those predicted to be most responsive to the reform.Item Women Give 2015(2015-11-10) Mesch, Debra; Ottoni-Wilhelm, Mark; Osili, Una; Han, Xiao; Pactor, AndreaWomen Give 2015 investigates whether the sex of a first-born child affects parents’ charitable giving. Generosity is learned by people as they relate to others in schools, community settings, religious organizations, and the workplace. It is also learned within the family. Research has shown that parents influence their children in many ways, including how to be generous. This study shifts the framework of thinking from the current focus on “parents influencing the development of their child’s generosity” to also include “children affecting their parents’ generosity."