Browsing by Author "Han, Seongwook"

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    Chronic Low-Level Vagus Nerve Stimulation Reduces Stellate Ganglion Nerve Activity and Paroxysmal Atrial Tachyarrhythmias in Ambulatory Canines
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2011-04-08) Shen, Mark J.; Shinohara, Tetsuji; Park, Hyung-Wook; Frick, Kyle; Ice, Daniel S.; Choi, Eue-Keun; Han, Seongwook; Sharma, Rahul; Shen, Changyu; Fishbein, Michael C.; Chen, Lan S.; Lopshire, John C.; Zipes, Douglas P.; Lin, Shien-Fong; Chen, Peng-Sheng
    Introduction: Left sided low-level vagus nerve stimulation (LL-VNS) is used clinically for epilepsy and depression. We hypothesize that LL-VNS can suppress sympathetic outflow and reduce atrial tachyarrhythmias in ambulatory dogs. Methods: We implanted in 12 dogs a neurostimulator in left cervical vagus nerve and a radiotransmitter for continuous recording of left stellate ganglion nerve activities (SGNA), left thoracic vagal nerve activities (VNA) and electrocardiograms. The first 6 dogs (Group 1) underwent 1 week continuous LL-VNS. Another 6 dogs (Group 2) underwent intermittent rapid atrial pacing followed by active or sham LL-VNS on alternate weeks. Results: Integrated SGNA was significantly reduced during LL-VNS (7.8±0.9 mV-s vs. 9.4±0.9 mVs at baseline, P<0.05) in Group 1.The reduction was most apparent from 7 to 9 AM, (31% reduction, 10.8±2.5 mV-s versus 15.6±2.9 mV-s at baseline, P<0.01), along with a significantly reduced heart rate (P<0.05). SGNA-induced heart rate acceleration averaged 107.9±9.0 bpm during LL-VNS and 129.2±9.3 bpm at baseline (P<0.05). LL-VNS did not change VNA. The tyrosine hydroxylase-positive nerve structures in the left stellate ganglion were 99,684±22,257 µm2/mm2 in LL-VNS dogs and 186,561±11,383 µm2/mm2 (P<0.01) in normal control dogs. In Group 2, the frequencies of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and atrial tachycardia during active LLVNS were 1.4±2.5/d and 8.0±5.8/d, respectively, significantly lower than during sham stimulation (9.2±6.2/d, P<0.01 and 22.0±4.4/d, P<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: LL-VNS suppresses SGNA and reduces the incidences of paroxysmal atrial tachyarrhythmias in ambulatory dogs. Significant neural remodeling of the left stellate ganglion is evident one week after cessation of chronic LL-VNS.
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    Myocardial Repolarization Dispersion and Autonomic Nerve Activity in a Canine Experimental Acute Myocardial Infarction Model
    (Elsevier, 2014-01) Piccirillo, Gianfranco; Moscucci, Federica; D’Alessandro, Gaetana; Pascucci, Matteo; Rossi, Pietro; Han, Seongwook; Chen, Lan S.; Lin, Shien-Fong; Chen, Peng-Sheng; Magrì, Damiano; Department of Neurology, IU School of Medicine
    Background Evidence from a canine experimental acute myocardial infarction (MI) model shows that until the seventh week after MI the relationship between stellate ganglionic nerve and vagal nerve activities (SGNA/VNA) progressively increases. Objective We evaluated how autonomic nervous system activity influences temporal myocardial repolarization dispersion at this period. Methods We analyzed autonomic nerve activity as well as QT and RR variability from recordings previously obtained in 9 dogs. From a total 48 short-term electrocardiographic segments, 24 recorded before and 24 seven weeks after experimentally-induced MI, we obtained three indices of temporal myocardial repolarization dispersion: QTe (from q wave T to wave end), QTp (from q wave to T wave peak) and Te (from T wave peak to T wave end) variability index (QTeVI, QTpVI, TeVI). We also performed a heart rate variability power spectral analysis on the same segments. Results After MI, all the QT variables increased QTeVI (median [interquartile range]) (from - 1.76[0.82] to −1.32[0.68]), QTeVI (from −1.90[1.01] to −1.45[0.78]) and TeVI (from −0.72[0.67] to −0.22[1.00]), whereas all RR spectral indexes decreased (p<0.001 for all). Distinct circadian rhythms in QTeVI (p<0.05,) QTpVI (p<0.001) and TeVI (p<0.05) appeared after MI with circadian variations resembling that of SGNA/VNA. The morning QTpVI and TeVI acrophases approached the SGNA/VNA acrophase. Conversely, the evening QTeVI acrophase coincided with another SGNA/VNA peak. After MI, regression analysis detected a positive relationship between SGNA/VNA and TeVI (R2: 0.077; β: 0.278; p< 0.001). Conclusion Temporal myocardial repolarization dispersion shows a circadian variation after MI reaching its peak at a time when sympathetic is highest and vagal activity lowest.
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    Selective sinoatrial node optical mapping and the mechanism of sinus rate acceleration
    (J-Stage, 2012) Shinohara, Tetsuji; Park, Hyung-Wook; Joung, Boyoung; Maruyama, Mitsunori; Chua, Su-Kiat; Han, Seongwook; Shen, Mark J.; Chen, Peng-Sheng; Lin, Shien-Fong; Department of Medicine, IU School of Medicine
    BACKGROUND: Studies using isolated sinoatrial node (SAN) cells indicate that rhythmic spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release (Ca clock) plays an important role in SAN automaticity. In the intact SAN, cross-contamination of optical signals from the SAN and the right atrium (RA) prevent the definitive testing of Ca clock hypothesis. The aim of this study was to use a novel approach to selectively mapping the intact SAN to examine the Ca clock mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS: We simultaneously mapped intracellular Ca (Ca(i)) and membrane potential (V(m)) in 10 isolated, Langendorff-perfused normal canine RAs. The excitability of the RA was suppressed with high-potassium Tyrode's solution, allowing selective optical mapping of V(m) and Ca(i) of the SAN. Isoproterenol (ISO, 0.03 µmol/L) decreased the cycle length of the sinus beats, and shifted the leading pacemaker site from the middle or inferior SAN to the superior SAN in all RAs. The Ca(i) upstroke preceded the V(m) in the leading pacemaker site by up to 18 ± 2 ms. ISO-induced changes to SAN were inhibited by ryanodine (3 µmol/L), but not ZD7288 (3 µmol/L), a selective I(f) blocker. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that, in the isolated canine RA, a high extracellular potassium concentration can suppress atrial excitability thus leading to SAN-RA conduction block, allowing selective optical mapping of the intact SAN. Acceleration of Ca cycling in the superior SAN underlies the mechanism of sinus tachycardia during sympathetic stimulation.
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    Subcutaneous nerve activity is more accurate than heart rate variability in estimating cardiac sympathetic tone in ambulatory dogs with myocardial infarction
    (Elsevier, 2015-07) Chan, Yi-Hsin; Tsai, Wei-Chung; Shen, Changyu; Han, Seongwook; Chen, Lan S.; Lin, Shien-Fong; Chen, Peng-Sheng; Department of Medicine, IU School of Medicine
    BACKGROUND: We recently reported that subcutaneous nerve activity (SCNA) can be used to estimate sympathetic tone. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that left thoracic SCNA is more accurate than heart rate variability (HRV) in estimating cardiac sympathetic tone in ambulatory dogs with myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: We used an implanted radiotransmitter to study left stellate ganglion nerve activity (SGNA), vagal nerve activity (VNA), and thoracic SCNA in 9 dogs at baseline and up to 8 weeks after MI. HRV was determined based on time-domain, frequency-domain, and nonlinear analyses. RESULTS: The correlation coefficients between integrated SGNA and SCNA averaged 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.41-1.06) at baseline and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.63-1.01) after MI (P <.05 for both). The absolute values of the correlation coefficients were significantly larger than that between SGNA and HRV analysis based on time-domain, frequency-domain, and nonlinear analyses, respectively, at baseline (P <.05 for all) and after MI (P <.05 for all). There was a clear increment of SGNA and SCNA at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after MI, whereas HRV parameters showed no significant changes. Significant circadian variations were noted in SCNA, SGNA, and all HRV parameters at baseline and after MI, respectively. Atrial tachycardia (AT) episodes were invariably preceded by SCNA and SGNA, which were progressively increased from 120th, 90th, 60th, to 30th seconds before AT onset. No such changes of HRV parameters were observed before AT onset. CONCLUSION: SCNA is more accurate than HRV in estimating cardiac sympathetic tone in ambulatory dogs with MI.
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    Subcutaneous Nerve Stimulation Reduces Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Ambulatory Dogs with Myocardial Infarction
    (Elsevier, 2020-07) Yuan, Yuan; Zhao, Ye; Wong, Johnson; Tsai, Wei-Chung; Jiang, Zhaolei; Kabir, Ryan A.; Han, Seongwook; Shen, Changyu; Fishbein, Michael C.; Chen, Lan S.; Chen, Zhenhui; Everett, Thomas H., IV.; Chen, Peng-Sheng; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: Subcutaneous nerve stimulation (ScNS) remodels the stellate ganglion and reduces stellate ganglion nerve activity (SGNA) in dogs. Acute myocardial infarction (MI) increases SGNA through nerve sprouting. Objective: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that ScNS remodels the stellate ganglion and reduces SGNA in ambulatory dogs with acute MI. Methods: In the experimental group, a radio transmitter was implanted during the first sterile surgery to record nerve activity and an electrocardiogram, followed by a second sterile surgery to create MI. Dogs then underwent ScNS for 2 months. The average SGNA (aSGNA) was compared with that in a historical control group (n = 9), with acute MI monitored for 2 months without ScNS. Results: In the experimental group, the baseline aSGNA and heart rate were 4.08±0.35 μV and 98±12 beats/min, respectively. They increased within 1 week after MI to 6.91±1.91 μV (P=.007) and 107±10 beats/min (P=.028), respectively. ScNS reduced aSGNA to 3.46±0.44 μV (P<.039) and 2.14±0.50 μV (P<.001) at 4 and 8 weeks, respectively, after MI. In comparison, aSGNA at 4 and 8 weeks in dogs with MI but no ScNS was 8.26±6.31 μV (P=.005) and 10.82±7.86 μV (P=0002), respectively. Immunostaining showed confluent areas of remodeling in bilateral stellate ganglia and a high percentage of tyrosine hydroxylase-negative ganglion cells. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling was positive in 26.61%±11.54% of ganglion cells in the left stellate ganglion and 15.94%±3.62% of ganglion cells in the right stellate ganglion. Conclusion: ScNS remodels the stellate ganglion, reduces SGNA, and suppresses cardiac nerve sprouting after acute MI.