Browsing by Author "Guey, Lin T."

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    Relationship of Demographic and Health Factors to Cognition in Older Adults in the ACTIVE Study
    (Sage, 2013) Rexroth, Daniel F.; Tennstedt, Sharon L.; Jones, Richard; Guey, Lin T.; Rebok, George W.; Marsiske, Michael; Xu, Yan; Unverzagt, Frederick W.; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Objective: Examine the relationship of demographics and health conditions, alone and in combination, on objective measures of cognitive function in a large sample of community-dwelling older adults. Method: Baseline data from 2,782 participants in the Advanced Cognitive Training in Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) study were used to examine relationships of demographics and health conditions with composite scores of memory, reasoning, and speed of processing. Results: Younger age, increased education, and White race were independently associated with better performance in each cognitive domain after adjusting for gender and health conditions. Male gender, diabetes, and suspected clinical depression were associated with poorer cognitive functioning; suspected clinical depression was associated with lower reasoning and diabetes and history of stroke with slower speed of processing. Discussion: Age, education, and race are consistently associated with cognitive performance in this sample of older community-dwelling adults. Diabetes, stroke, and suspected clinical depression had independent but weaker effects on cognition.
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    Speed of processing training results in lower risk of dementia
    (Elsevier, 2017-11-07) Edwards, Jerri D.; Xu, Huiping; Clark, Daniel O.; Guey, Lin T.; Ross, Lesley A.; Unverzagt, Frederick W.; Biostatistics, School of Public Health
    • A randomized trial examined the efficacy of three cognitive training programs. • Speed of processing cognitive training significantly reduced dementia risk. • Each session of speed training completed was associated with reduced dementia risk.
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    Ten-Year Effects of the ACTIVE Cognitive Training Trial on Cognition and Everyday Functioning in Older Adults
    (Wiley, 2014) Rebok, George W.; Ball, Karlene; Guey, Lin T.; Jones, Richard N.; Kim, Hae-Young; King, Jonathan W.; Marsiske, Michael; Morris, John N.; Tennstedt, Sharon L.; Unverzagt, Frederick W.; Willis, Sherry L.; ACTIVE Study Group; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Objectives: To determine the effects of cognitive training on cognitive abilities and everyday function over 10 years. Design: Ten-year follow-up of a randomized, controlled single-blind trial (Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE)) with three intervention groups and a no-contact control group. Setting: Six U.S. cities. Participants: A volunteer sample of 2,832 persons (mean baseline age 73.6; 26% African American) living independently. Intervention: Ten training sessions for memory, reasoning, or speed of processing; four sessions of booster training 11 and 35 months after initial training. Measurements: Objectively measured cognitive abilities and self-reported and performance-based measures of everyday function. Results: Participants in each intervention group reported less difficulty with instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) (memory: effect size = 0.48, 99% confidence interval (CI) = 0.12-0.84; reasoning: effect size = 0.38, 99% CI = 0.02-0.74; speed of processing: effect size = 0.36, 99% CI = 0.01-0.72). At a mean age of 82, approximately 60% of trained participants, versus 50% of controls (P < .05), were at or above their baseline level of self-reported IADL function at 10 years. The reasoning and speed-of-processing interventions maintained their effects on their targeted cognitive abilities at 10 years (reasoning: effect size = 0.23, 99% CI = 0.09-0.38; speed of processing: effect size = 0.66, 99% CI = 0.43-0.88). Memory training effects were no longer maintained for memory performance. Booster training produced additional and durable improvement for the reasoning intervention for reasoning performance (effect size = 0.21, 99% CI = 0.01-0.41) and the speed-of-processing intervention for speed-of-processing performance (effect size = 0.62, 99% CI = 0.31-0.93). Conclusion: Each Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly cognitive intervention resulted in less decline in self-reported IADL compared with the control group. Reasoning and speed, but not memory, training resulted in improved targeted cognitive abilities for 10 years.