Browsing by Author "Galosi, Andrea B."

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    Immunohistochemical detection and localization of somatostatin receptor subtypes in prostate tissue from patients with bladder outlet obstruction
    (IOS Press, 2008) Montironi, Rodolfo; Cheng, Liang; Mazzucchelli, Roberta; Morichetti, Doriana; Stramazzotti, Daniela; Santinelli, Alfredo; Moroncini, Gianluca; Galosi, Andrea B.; Muzzonigro, Giovanni; Comeri, Giancarlo; Lovisolo, Jon; Cosciani-Cunico, Sergio; Bono, Aldo V.; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background and aim of the study: Scant information on the cellular distribution of the five somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtypes in the normal prostate and in neoplasms of the prostate has been reported in very few studies in which techniques, such as in situ hybridization histochemistry, autoradiography, and more recently immunohistochemistry, have been applied. The aim of the study was to examine immunohistochemically the distribution and localization of these 5 subtypes in the various tissue components in normal prostate. Materials: The study was conducted in 14 surgical specimens of normal prostate tissue from adenomectomy specimens from patients with bladder outlet obstruction. The distribution and localization of the 5 somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtypes was investigated with an immunohistochemical technique. Specificity of the antibodies against the 5 receptor subtypes was preliminarily investigated. Results: Close to 90% of secretory cells showed a weak positivity in the cytoplasm, the proportion ranging from 86.3% (SSTR4) to 89.9% (SSTR5). Strong immunoreactivity was seen in a small proportion of cells, ranging from 0.8% (SSTR3) to 3.2% (SSTR1). For the subtypes 1 and 3 the greatest proportion of basal cells showed a moderate intensity (42.5 and 41.4%, respectively), strong immunoreactivity being observed only in 18.1 and 15.8% of cells, respectively. For the subtypes 2, 4 and 5, the majority of cells showed a weak intensity (72.3, 65.7 and 65.1%, respectively). Subtype 1 showed a strong immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm in 60% of the smooth muscle cells. With subtypes 2, 3 and 4 the greatest proportion of cells showed a weak intensity (63.4, 89.8 and 81.7%, respectively). With the subtype 5 the majority of cells (59.8%) were negative. Subtype 1 showed a strong immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm in 98.6% of the endothelial cells. With subtypes 3 and 4 the greatest proportion of cells showed a weak intensity (73.5 and 56.4%, respectively). With the subtype 2 and 5 the majority of cells were negative (59.1 and 50.7%, respectively).
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    New Prostate Cancer Targets for Diagnosis, Imaging, and Therapy: Focus on Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen
    (Frontiers, 2018-12-21) Cimadamore, Alessia; Cheng, Monica; Santoni, Matteo; Lopez-Beltran, Antonio; Battelli, Nicola; Massari, Francesco; Galosi, Andrea B.; Scarpelli, Marina; Montironi, Rodolfo; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine
    The rising incidence rate of the cancer in the prostate gland has increased the demand for improved diagnostic, imaging, and therapeutic approaches. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), with folate hydrolase and carboxypeptidase and, internalization activities, is highly expressed in the epithelial cells of the prostate gland and is strongly upregulated in prostatic adenocarcinoma, with elevated expression correlating with, metastasis, progression, and androgen independence. Recently, PSMA has been an active target of investigation by several approaches, including the successful utilization of small molecule inhibitors, RNA aptamer conjugates, PSMA-based immunotherapy, and PSMA-targeted prodrug therapy. Future investigations of PSMA in prostate cancer (PCa) should focus in particular on its intracellular activities and functions. The objective of this contribution is to review the current role of PSMA as a marker for PCa diagnosis, imaging, and therapy.
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    Role of the pathologist in active surveillance for prostate cancer
    (2015-02) Mazzucchelli, Roberta; Galosi, Andrea B.; Santoni, Matteo; Lopez-Beltran, Antonio; Scarpelli, Marina; Cheng, Liang; Montironi, Rodolfo; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IU School of Medicine
    Active surveillance (AS) is an alternative strategy that aims to minimize overtreatment by selecting only patients with significant prostate cancer (PCa) tumors for immediate treatment. Patients with favorable tumor characteristics are closely monitored using serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and serial biopsies of the prostate. In addition, other predictors of tumor progression, such as PSA doubling time, can be used during AS management. AS represents an excellent opportunity to identify molecular biomarkers of PCa behavior and to develop novel therapeutic strategies.