Browsing by Author "Ereshefsky, Larry"

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    Diagnostic criteria for apathy in neurocognitive disorders
    (Wiley, 2021) Miller, David S.; Robert, Philippe; Ereshefsky, Larry; Adler, Lawrence; Bateman, Daniel; Cummings, Jeff; DeKosky, Steven T.; Fischer, Corinne E.; Husain, Masud; Ismail, Zahinoor; Jaeger, Judith; Lerner, Alan J.; Li, Abby; Lyketsos, Constantine G.; Manera, Valeria; Mintzer, Jacobo; Moebius, Hans J.; Mortby, Moyra; Meulien, Didier; Pollentier, Stephane; Porsteinsson, Anton; Rasmussen, Jill; Rosenberg, Paul B.; Ruthirakuhan, Myuri T.; Sano, Mary; Zucchero Sarracini, Carla; Lanctôt, Krista L.; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Introduction: Apathy is common in neurocognitive disorders (NCD) but NCD-specific diagnostic criteria are needed. Methods: The International Society for CNS Clinical Trials Methodology Apathy Work Group convened an expert group and sought input from academia, health-care, industry, and regulatory bodies. A modified Delphi methodology was followed, and included an extensive literature review, two surveys, and two meetings at international conferences, culminating in a consensus meeting in 2019. Results: The final criteria reached consensus with more than 80% agreement on all parts and included: limited to people with NCD; symptoms persistent or frequently recurrent over at least 4 weeks, a change from the patient's usual behavior, and including one of the following: diminished initiative, diminished interest, or diminished emotional expression/responsiveness; causing significant functional impairment and not exclusively explained by other etiologies. Discussion: These criteria provide a framework for defining apathy as a unique clinical construct in NCD for diagnosis and further research.