Browsing by Author "Elghouche, Alhasan"

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    HIV envelope protein gp120-induced apoptosis in lung microvascular endothelial cells by concerted upregulation of EMAP II and its receptor, CXCR3
    (American Physiological Society (APS), 2014-02-15) Green, Linden A.; Yi, Ru; Petrusca, Daniela; Wang, Ting; Elghouche, Alhasan; Gupta, Samir K.; Petrache, Irina; Clauss, Matthias; Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, IU School of Medicine
    Chronic lung diseases, such as pulmonary emphysema, are increasingly recognized complications of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Emphysema in HIV may occur independent of cigarette smoking, via mechanisms that are poorly understood but may involve lung endothelial cell apoptosis induced by the HIV envelope protein gp120. Recently, we have demonstrated that lung endothelial apoptosis is an important contributor to the development of experimental emphysema, via upregulation of the proinflammatory cytokine endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II (EMAP II) in the lung. Here we investigated the role of EMAP II and its receptor, CXCR3, in gp120-induced lung endothelial cell apoptosis. We could demonstrate that gp120 induces a rapid and robust increase in cell surface expression of EMAP II and its receptor CXCR3. This surface expression occurred via a mechanism involving gp120 signaling through its CXCR4 receptor and p38 MAPK activation. Both EMAP II and CXCR3 were essentially required for gp120-induced apoptosis and exposures to low gp120 concentrations enhanced the susceptibility of endothelial cells to undergo apoptosis when exposed to soluble cigarette smoke extract. These data indicate a novel mechanism by which HIV infection causes endothelial cell loss involved in lung emphysema formation, independent but potentially synergistic with smoking, and suggest therapeutic targets for emphysema prevention and/or treatment.
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    Sinonasal Chondromyxoid Fibroma: Case Report and Literature Review
    (Cureus, 2019-10-05) El-Kouri, Nadeem; Elghouche, Alhasan; Chen, Shaoxiong; Shipchandler, Taha; Ting, Jonathan; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine
    Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is a rare, benign neoplasm of the chondroid, myxoid, and fibrous tissue. It characteristically affects the lower extremity long bones, although it may rarely arise within the craniofacial skeleton. We report the diagnosis and management of a 31-year-old male with a large, incidentally discovered CMF originating from the sphenoid sinus. A subsequent review of the literature reveals the need to differentiate from more aggressive neoplasms, such as chondrosarcoma and chondroma, which share radiographic features. A histopathologic examination is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment. We discuss clinical sequelae, highlight the importance of a thorough pre-operative evaluation, and summarize previously suggested treatment paradigms.
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    Unilateral Cervical Polyneuropathies following Concurrent Bortezomib, Cetuximab, and Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer
    (Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2016) Elghouche, Alhasan; Shokri, Tom; Qin, Yewen; Wargo, Susannah; Citrin, Deborah; Van Waes, Carter; Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, IU School of Medicine
    We report a constellation of cervical polyneuropathies in a patient treated with concurrent bortezomib, cetuximab, and cisplatin alongside intensity modulated radiotherapy for carcinoma of the tonsil with neck metastasis. The described deficits include brachial plexopathy, cervical sensory neuropathy, and oculosympathetic, recurrent laryngeal, and phrenic nerve palsies within the ipsilateral radiation field. Radiation neuropathy involving the brachial plexus is typically associated with treatment of breast or lung cancer; however, increased awareness of this entity in the context of investigational agents with potential neuropathic effects in head and neck cancer has recently emerged. With this report, we highlight radiation neuropathy in the setting of investigational therapy for head and neck cancer, particularly since these sequelae may present years after therapy and entail significant and often irreversible morbidity.