Browsing by Author "Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine"

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    Impairment of Motor Function Correlates with Neurometabolite and Brain Iron Alterations in Parkinson’s Disease
    (MDPI, 2019-01-29) Pesch, Beate; Casjens, Swaantje; Woitalla, Dirk; Dharmadhikari, Shalmali; Edmondson, David A.; Zella, Maria Angela Samis; Lehnert, Martin; Lotz, Anne; Herrmann, Lennard; Muhlack, Siegfried; Kraus, Peter; Yeh, Chien-Lin; Glaubitz, Benjamin; Schmidt-Wilcke, Tobias; Gold, Ralf; van Thriel, Christoph; Brüning, Thomas; Tönges, Lars; Dydak, Ulrike; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine
    We took advantage of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) as non-invasive methods to quantify brain iron and neurometabolites, which were analyzed along with other predictors of motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD). Tapping hits, tremor amplitude, and the scores derived from part III of the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS3 scores) were determined in 35 male PD patients and 35 controls. The iron-sensitive MRI relaxation rate R2* was measured in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-edited and short echo-time MRS was used for the quantification of neurometabolites in the striatum and thalamus. Associations of R2*, neurometabolites, and other factors with motor function were estimated with Spearman correlations and mixed regression models to account for repeated measurements (hands, hemispheres). In PD patients, R2* and striatal GABA correlated with MDS-UPDRS3 scores if not adjusted for age. Patients with akinetic-rigid PD subtype (N = 19) presented with lower creatine and striatal glutamate and glutamine (Glx) but elevated thalamic GABA compared to controls or mixed PD subtype. In PD patients, Glx correlated with an impaired dexterity when adjusted for covariates. Elevated myo-inositol was associated with more tapping hits and lower MDS-UPDRS3 scores. Our neuroimaging study provides evidence that motor dysfunction in PD correlates with alterations in brain iron and neurometabolites.
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    Indiana Institute for Biomedical Imaging Sciences
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2013-04-05) Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine
    The Indiana Institute of Biomedical Imaging Sciences (IIBIS) In-vivo Imaging Core provides Cancer Center investigators with access to state-of-the-art in-vivo imaging resources. As an integral component of an institution-wide imaging center, the core was developed through funds provided by an NCI P20 ICMIC planning grant, the Indiana 21st Century Technology Development Fund, and the Indiana Genomics Initiative (INGEN: Funded in part by the Lilly Endowment). Matching funds to develop this program were provided by the Indiana University Radiology Associates and the Indiana University School of Medicine, and IU Health. In total, nearly $40M has been raised to develop this comprehensive imaging program. The IIBIS Core will utilize resources located in three research buildings on the Indiana University School of Medicine campus. The Research Institute II building houses a Siemens HR+ PET Scanner, a Siemens Biograph 64 PET/CT Scanner, a GE 1.5T Signa MRI systems and a Siemens 3T Tim Trio MRI for human studies. Small animal imaging resources include the IndyPET III scanner, an EVS RS-9 micro CT scanner, a ART MX3 optical imaging system, and a Berthold NightOWL optical imaging system. Goodman Hall houses recently installed Siemens 3T SKYRA MRI and mCT (PET/CT) imaging systems. In addition, the Tracer and Contrast Agent Development program of the IIBIS Core is located in the Biomedical Research and Training Center building. This building houses a CTI RDS Eclipse medical cyclotron, radiochemistry laboratories, synthetic chemistry laboratories, and molecular biology and cell culture laboratories. The core has recently developed a Tracer and Contrast Validation laboratory which is housed at Research 2, and is aimed at accelerating the development of new imaging tracers. Highly skilled Faculty and Staff are available to assist with research study design, collection of imaging data, and data analysis, and model and tracer validation.
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    Quantitative MR Evaluation of Chronic Pancreatitis: Extracellular Volume Fraction and MR Relaxometry
    (American Roentgen Ray Society, 2018-03) Tirkes, Temel; Lin, Chen; Cui, Enming; Deng, Yu; Territo, Paul R.; Sandrasegaran, Kumaresan; Akisik, Fatih; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine
    The purpose of this study was to determine if extracellular volume fraction and T1 mapping can be used to diagnose chronic pancreatitis (CP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This HIPAA-compliant study analyzed 143 consecutive patients with and without CP who underwent MR imaging between May 2016 and February 2017. Patients were selected for the study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria that considered history and clinical and laboratory findings. Eligible patients (n = 119) were grouped as normal (n = 60) or with mild (n = 22), moderate (n = 27), or severe (n = 10) CP on the basis of MRCP findings using the Cambridge classification as the reference standard. T1 maps were acquired in unenhanced and late contrast-enhanced phases using a 3D dual flip-angle gradient-echo sequence. All patients were imaged on the same 3-T scanner using the same imaging parameters, contrast agent, and dosage. RESULTS: Mean extracellular volume fractions and T1 relaxation times were significantly different within the study groups (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.001). Using the AUC curve analysis, extracellular volume fraction of > 0.27 showed 92% sensitivity (54/59) and 77% specificity (46/60) for the diagnosis of CP (AUC = 0.90). A T1 relaxation time of > 950 ms revealed 64% sensitivity (38/59) and 88% specificity (53/60) (AUC = 0.80). Combining extracellular volume fraction and T1 mapping yielded sensitivity of 85% (50/59) and specificity of 92% (55/60) (AUC = 0.94). CONCLUSION: Extracellular volume fraction and T1 mapping may provide quantitative metrics for determining the presence and severity of acinar cell loss and aid in the diagnosis of CP.