Browsing by Author "Department of Human-Centered Computing, School of Informatics and Computing"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 12
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    #accessibilityFail: Categorizing Shared Photographs of Physical Accessibility Problems
    (ACM, 2016-10) Li, Hanlin; Brady, Erin; Department of Human-Centered Computing, School of Informatics and Computing
    Social media platforms are existing online spaces where users share their daily encounters, providing a large dataset of photographs of inaccessible environments. We analyzed 100 posts from Twitter and Instagram that describe accessibility problems. Our findings suggest these posts are helpful to locate, identify and communicate accessibility problems, and provide design ideas for potential assistive technologies. We suggest design implications using social media posts to improve physical accessibility.
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    Active Reading Behaviors in Tablet-based Learning
    (AACE, 2015-07) Palilonis, Jennifer; Bolchini, Davide; Department of Human-Centered Computing, School of Informatics and Computing
    Active reading is fundamental to learning. However, there is little understanding about whether traditional active reading frameworks sufficiently characterize how learners study multimedia tablet textbooks. This paper explores the nature of active reading in the tablet environment through a qualitative study that engaged 30 students in an active reading experience with two tablet textbook modules. We discovered novel study behaviors learners enact that are key to the active reading experience with tablet textbooks. Results illustrate that existing active reading tools do little to support learners when they struggle to make sense of and subsequently remember content delivered in multiple media formats, are distracted by the mechanics of interactive content, and grapple with the transient nature of audiovisual material. We collected valuable user feedback and uncovered key deficiencies in existing active reading tools that hinder successful multimedia tablet textbook reading experiences. Our work can inform future designs of tools that support active reading in this environment.
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    Clinicians as Secondary Users of Patient-Centered Mobile Technology in Complex Healthcare Settings
    (IEEE, 2015-10) Tunnell, Harry D., IV; Faiola, Anthony J.; Haggstrom, David A.; Srinivas, Preethi; Department of Human-Centered Computing, School of Informatics and Computing
    This paper describes the preliminary research findings and prototype development of a Personal Health Record mobile application. A pilot study about patient-clinician interaction guided by common ground theory was performed. The goal of the pilot study was to gather requirements to support development of a smartphone application to be used in a future experimental study. Findings from the pilot study suggest that smartphones could be used to manage health information considered important for a successful healthcare consultation.
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    Crowdsourcing Accessibility: Human-Powered Access Technologies
    (Now, 2015) Brady, Erin; Bigham, Jeffrey P.; Department of Human-Centered Computing, School of Informatics and Computing
    People with disabilities have always engaged the people around them in order to circumvent inaccessible situations, allowing them to live more independently and get things done in their everyday lives. Increasing connectivity is allowing this approach to be extended to wherever and whenever it is needed. Technology can leverage this human work force to accomplish tasks beyond the capabilities of computers, increasing how accessible the world is for people with disabilities. This article outlines the growth of online human support, outlines a number of projects in this space, and presents a set of challenges and opportunities for this work going forward.
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    Legal and Ethical Implications of Mobile Live-Streaming Video Apps
    (ACM, 2016-09) Faklaris, Cori; Cafaro, Francesco; Hook, Sara Anne; Blevins, Asa; O'Haver, Matt; Singhal, Neha; Department of Human-Centered Computing, School of Informatics and Computing
    The introduction of mobile apps such as Meerkat, Periscope, and Facebook Live has sparked enthusiasm for live-streaming video. This study explores the legal and ethical implications of mobile live-streaming video apps through a review of public-policy considerations and the computing literature as well as analyses of a mix of quantitative and qualitative user data. We identify lines of research inquiry for five policy challenges and two areas of the literature in which the impact of these apps is so far unaddressed. The detailed data gathered from these inquiries will significantly contribute to the design and development of tools, signals or affordances to address the concerns that our study identifies. We hope our work will help shape the fields of ubiquitous computing and collaborative and social computing, jurisprudence, public policy and applied ethics in the future.
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    Secondary users and the personal mhealth record: Designing tools to improve collaboration between patients and providers
    (IEEE, 2016-10) Tunnell, Harry D., IV; Pfaff, Mark; Faiola, Anthony; Department of Human-Centered Computing, School of Informatics and Computing
    Abstract: This paper describes a patient-centered health information technology (HIT) for primary and secondary users. Primary users are the main operators of a system and control dissemination of its information [1]. Secondary users have experiences through primary users [2]. A smartphone personal health record was prototyped for use in an experimental study with providers as secondary users. Patients are often secondary users in healthcare, but patientcentered care requires that patients have digital tools to manage their own health data to be better able to participate in healthcare decisions, making them primary users [3].
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    Semi-aural Interfaces: Investigating Voice-controlled Aural Flows
    (Oxford, 2016-11) Ghahari, Romisa Rohani; George-Palilonis, Jennifer; Gahangir, Hossain; Kaser, Lindsay; Bolchini, Davide; Department of Human-Centered Computing, School of Informatics and Computing
    To support mobile, eyes-free web browsing, users can listen to ‘playlists’ of web content— aural flows . Interacting with aural flows, however, requires users to select interface buttons, tethering visual attention to the mobile device even when it is unsafe (e.g. while walking). This research extends the interaction with aural flows through simulated voice commands as a way to reduce visual interaction. This paper presents the findings of a study with 20 participants who browsed aural flows either through a visual interface only or by augmenting it with voice commands. Results suggest that using voice commands reduced the time spent looking at the device by half but yielded similar system usability and cognitive effort ratings as using buttons. Overall, the low-cognitive effort engendered by aural flows, regardless of the interaction modality, allowed participants to do more non-instructed (e.g. looking at the surrounding environment) than instructed activities (e.g. focusing on the user interface).
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    Social Justice-Oriented Interaction Design: Outlining Key Design Strategies and Commitments
    (ACM, 2016-06) Dombrowski, Lynn; Harmon, Ellie; Fox, Sarah; Department of Human-Centered Computing, School of Informatics and Computing
    In recent years, many HCI designers have begun pursuing research agendas that address large scale social issues. These systemic or "wicked" problems present challenges for design practice due to their scope, scale, complexity, and political nature. In this paper, we develop a social justice orientation to designing for such challenges. We highlight a breadth of design strategies that target the goals of social justice along six dimensions -- transformation, recognition, reciprocity, enablement, distribution, and accountability -- and elaborate three commitments necessary to developing a social justice oriented design practice -- a commitment to conflict, a commitment to reflexivity, and a commitment to personal ethics and politics. Although there are no easy solutions to systemic social issues, a social justice orientation provides one way to foster an engagement with the thorny political issues that are increasingly acknowledged as crucial to a field that is not just about technological possibility, but also about political responsibility.
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    Some Semi-deep Thoughts About Deep Reading: Rejoinder to “Digital Technology and Student Cognitive Development: The Neuroscience of the University Classroom”
    (Sage, 2016-08) Mannheimer, Steve; Department of Human-Centered Computing, School of Informatics and Computing
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    Supporting Information Management in ICU Rounding
    (IEEE, 2015-10) Srinivas, Preethi; Faiola, Anthony J.; Khan, Babar; Department of Human-Centered Computing, School of Informatics and Computing
    Team rounds on patients in the hospital's intensive care unit (ICU) results in the generation of several paper-based and digital notes. Paper-based notes, although short-lived, act as translational artifacts that help organize and coordinate patient information and care. Maintaining double records of paper and digital notes can introduce several awareness and coordination problems such as contextually situating clinicians as to a patient's on-going care. Based on the design requirements derived from our fieldwork, we propose a new technology, PANI (Patient-centered Notes and Information Manager). PANI is a clinical tool that integrates the use of a mobile application, paper-based artifacts, and a wearable device (such as FitBit) in one system to support the management of notes and action-items that are generated throughout a typical ICU clinical shift. In this paper, we present the functional design of PANI and our preliminary findings of a participatory study that included 15 clinician participants.