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Browsing by Author "Cury, J. A."
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Item European Organization for Caries Research Workshop: Methodology for Determination of Potentially Available Fluoride in Toothpastes(Karger, 2019-02) Martinez-Mier, E. A.; Tenuta, L. M.; Carey, C. M.; Cury, J. A.; van Loveren, C.; Ekstrand, K.; Ganss, C.; Schulte, A.; Baig, A.; Benzian, H.; Bottenberg, P.; Buijs, M. J.; Ceresa, A.; Carvalho, J. C.; Ellwood, R.; Gonzalez-Cabezas, C.; Holmgren, C.; Knapp, M.; Lippert, Frank; Joiner, A.; Manton, D. J.; Martignon, S.; Mason, S.; Jablonski Momeni, A.; Plett, W.; Rahiotis, C.; Sampaio, F.; Zero, D. T.; Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of DentistryToothpastes are the most universally accepted form of fluoride delivery for caries prevention. To provide anti-caries benefits, they must be able to release fluoride during the time of tooth brushing or post brushing into the oral cavity. However, there is no standard accepted procedure to measure how much fluoride in a toothpaste may be (bio) available for release. The European Organization for Caries Research proposed and supported a workshop with experts in fluoride analysis in toothpastes and representatives from industry. The objective of the workshop was to discuss issues surrounding fluoride analysis in toothpaste and reach consensus on terminology and best practices, wherever the available evidence allowed it. Participants received a background paper and heard presentations followed by structured discussion to define the problem. The group also reviewed evidence on the validity, reliability and feasibility of each technique (namely chromatography and fluoride electroanalysis) and discussed their strengths and limitations. Participants were able to reach a consensus on terminology and were also able to identify and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. However, they agreed that most currently available methods were developed for regulatory agencies several decades ago, utilizing the best available data from clinical trials then, but require to be updated. They also agreed that although significant advances to our understanding of the mechanism of action of fluoride in toothpaste have been achieved over the past 4 decades, this clearly is an extraordinarily complex subject and more work remains to be done.Item Fluoride Dentifrice Overcomes the Lower Resistance of Fluorotic Enamel to Demineralization(Karger, 2019) Almeida, L. F.; Marín, L. M.; Martínez-Mier, E. A.; Cury, J. A.; Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of DentistryWe evaluated if the low resistance of fluorotic enamel to demineralization could be overcome by fluoride dentifrice (FD) treatment. Paired enamel slabs of sound and fluorotic enamel (n = 20/group) from human teeth presenting Thylstrup and Fejerskov index (TF) scores from 0 to 4 were obtained. Half of the anatomic surface of the enamel slabs was isolated and used as a control (baseline) regarding enamel mineralization and fluoride concentration. The slabs were submitted to a pH-cycling model simulating a high cariogenic challenge, and 2×/day they were treated with placebo dentifrice (PD) or FD (1,100 µg F/g, as NaF). After 10 days, the slabs were cut into two halves. Enamel demineralization was evaluated by cross-sectional microhardness in one half, and the fluoride formed (FF) concentration was determined in the other half. For statistical analysis, the data on net demineralization area (ΔΔS) and FF (µg F/g) were grouped into TF0, TF1–2, and TF3–4, and analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (α = 5%). The factors studied were TF (0, 1–2, and 3–4) and dentifrice treatment (PD or FD). The effect of the factors was statistically significant for ΔΔS and FF (p < 0.05). In the PD group, the following pattern for ΔΔS was observed: TF3–4 > TF1–2 > TF0 (p < 0.05); however, the groups did not differ (p > 0.05) when FD was used. Regarding FF, the groups treated with PD did not differ (p > 0.05), but the greatest (p < 0.05) FF concentration was found in group TF3–4 treated with FD. These findings suggest that the higher susceptibility of fluorotic enamel to demineralization lesions is decreased by the use of FD.