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Browsing by Author "Cunningham, Donald M."
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Item A Study of the Effectiveness of Topical Fluoride Treatment Following the Removal of Direct Bonded Brackets(1976) Short, Steven T.; Garner, LaForrest D.; Kasle, Myron J.; Cunningham, Donald M.; Shanks, James C., Jr.; Barton, Paul; Phillips, Ralph W.In this investigation an attempt was made to determine what effect direct bonded attachments have on the posttreatment uptake of topically applied fluoride. Thirty-two freshly extracted mandibular central and lateral incisors were used. The teeth were cleaned, labeled and an adhesive tape window applied to the crown exposing a circular area one quarter inch in diameter on the labial surface. An initial enamel biopsy was performed to determine the fluoride content of the labial surface. Fifty percent phosphoric acid was applied for one minute to condition the teeth for bonding. A polycarbonate orthodontic bracket was then bonded with Sevriton resin and each tooth was stored for one week in water. After storage, the brackets were then removed and residual resin was cleaned off with a dental scaler. Half of the teeth were pumiced with flour of pumice for ten seconds. The teeth were observed microscopically to determine the condition of the labial surface. A 2% solution of sodium fluoride was applied to the teeth for eight minutes and the samples were then individually stored in water for one week. An enamel biopsy was performed and analyzed for fluoride, calcium, and phosphorus. A great deal of fluoride was taken up by the enamel surface on all the specimens. It was found that pumicing the teeth prior to the application of topical fluoride results in a significantly greater uptake of fluoride by the enamel surface. The results of this investigation indicate that a pumice wash following bracket removal facilitates a greater and more uniform uptake of topically applied fluoride on the surface of the teeth.Item A Study of Tooth Rotation in the Macque Speciosa Monkey(1970) Scott, Harry Eugene, Jr.; Barton, Paul; Cunningham, Donald M.; Standish, Miles S.; Jordan, David R.This study was undertaken to observe the effect of light, medium, and heavy couples on multirooted teeth of three young male Macaque speciosa monkeys. Three forces of 82 gm.-mm, 245 gm.-mm, and 2280 gm.-mm. were generated from closed-coil springs for a period of 42 days. The rate of tooth movement varied among all three forces, with the average rates being similar when comparing the three forces over the 42-day period. All three forces produced an initial, lag, and post-lag phase of tooth movement. The center of rotation of the three-rooted tooth appeared to be close to the lingual root while in the two-rooted tooth the center of rotation was close to the center of the tooth. Hyalinization and root resorption were seen with all forces and increased with increased force. Hyalinization and root resorption were more severe in the smaller diverging apical portion than in the cervical portion of the roots.Item Dental defects and rubella embryopathy: a clinical study of fifty children(1968) Musselman, Robert Jay; Standish, S. Miles, 1923-2003; Gish, Charles W., 1923-; Garner, La Forrest Dean, 1933-; Cunningham, Donald M.; McDonald, Ralph E., 1920-This study reports the results of the clinical examination of fifty 2 1/2 year old children with congenital defects attributed to infection with prenatal rubella. The results were compared with the results of the clinical examination of fifty normal 2 to 3 year old children. The children with congenital defects attributed to in utero rubella infection had a significantly lower (p<.005) weight at birth and at 2 1/2 years of age. These findings, along with the type and distribution of congenital defects, are in agreement with other reports of children with confirmed rubella embryopathy. The fifty children with rubella embryopathy had a significantly (p<.005) higher incidence of dental defects. Of the rubella children studied, 90 per cent had enamel hypoplasia, 78 per cent had tapered teeth, and 18 per cent had notched anterior teeth. Among the normal children studied, 26 per cent had enamel hypoplasia, 18 per cent had tapered teeth, and none had notched teeth. No other dentofacial abnormalities other than a cleft of the lip and palate in one rubella child were found.Item Orthodontic Movement and Return of the Root Apex Through the Cortical Plate in the Macaque Speciosa Monkey(1970) Wainwright, W. Michael; Garner, LaForrest D.; Shafer, William G.; Cunningham, Donald M.; Norman, Richard D.During orthodontic therapy, the apices of teeth are sometimes moved or tipped against and even through the cortical plate of bone. This may be a final tooth position or the root may then be brought back into cancellous bone. The purpose of this study was to observe histologically the effects of these movements and of retaining the root in these positions. Four Macaque Speciosa monkeys were used. Their ages corresponded to late adolescence in the human. The force system used to achieve the desired tooth movement on the animals' teeth was calculated from a force system which from clinical experience is considered to be optimal in root movement in humans. This force system was kept constant. Procion Brilliant Red H-8BS was used as a vital marking agent and was administered once to each animal prior to the last stage of movement in each case. As the root apex penetrated the cortical plate, the buccal surface was the only root surface that became devoid of bone. There was considerable proliferation of cortical plate which "followed" the root and maintained its relationship to bone on the remaining root surfaces. During a four month retention period there was continued osteogenesis of the buccal surface of the cortical plate, but the root apex was not completely covered. Bone apposition also occurred on the lingual surface of the buccal plate and there was remodeling of the osteophytes. As the root was moved back and retained, there was complete repair of the perforation site with further slight thickening of the cortical plate. Root resorption was present on the buccal surface when it was under pressure, and the lingual surface on reversal of the force system. The resorption was increasingly severe towards the root apex. Although the tooth movement was 50 percent faster on the reversal movement, the severity of resorption was comparable on buccal and lingual surfaces. Cellular cemental repair was considerable and was most marked at sites of greatest recent root resorption and on the tension side of the tooth in movement. Less cemental deposition occurred on the mesial and distal root surfaces. Since the appliances were reactivated monthly, areas of hyalinization were rare. There was no inflammation due to tooth movement and the pulp tissue was normal in all cases.