Browsing by Author "Cunningham, D."
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Item Translation of Premolars in the Dog by Controlling the Moment to Force Ration on the Crown(1968) Fortin, Jean Marc; Norman, R.; Cunningham, D.; Shafer, W.The main purpose of this investigation was to produce bodily tooth movement. A force system based on the moment to force ratio (m/p ratio) was developed and applied to the teeth by means of springs similar to those used in segmented arch technique. An histologic investigation followed the experimentation. The sample consisted of five adult dogs and a relatively young one, all males. On these dogs, light forces of 165 and 147 gms were used for a period of 17, 30 and 35 days. and heavy forces of 490, 450 and 455 gms were used for a period of 120, 107 and 106 days. An intraperitoneal injection of a vital dye, procion red H8BS, was made before placing the appliance in the mouth and used as a marker between old and new bone. Bodily tooth movement was assessed by measuring new bone apposition on the tension side. Most of the teeth did show pure bodily movement, however, slight tipping was noticed in some instances. Direct bone resorption was recorded in all the teeth moved with light and heavy forces with the exception of very few small areas of hyalinization. The only difference between light and heavy forces was in the severity of root resorption. It was found that the heavier the force, the greater was the anchorage loss. The rate of tooth movement was continuous but not constant.