Browsing by Author "Ciesla, Allison Avrich"

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    Impact of accounting for correlation between COVID-19 and influenza vaccination in a COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness evaluation using a test-negative design
    (Elsevier, 2023) Payne, Amanda B.; Ciesla, Allison Avrich; Rowley, Elizabeth A. K.; Weber, Zachary A.; Reese, Sarah E.; Ong, Toan C.; Vazquez-Benitez, Gabriela; Naleway, Allison L.; Klein, Nicola P.; Embi, Peter J.; Grannis, Shaun J.; Kharbanda, Anupam B.; Gaglani, Manjusha; Tenforde, Mark W.; Link-Gelles, Ruth; VISION Network; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Test-negative-design COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies use symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals as cases and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-negative individuals as controls to evaluate COVID-19 VE. To evaluate the potential bias introduced by the correlation of COVID-19 and influenza vaccination behaviors, we assessed changes in estimates of VE of bivalent vaccines against COVID-19-associated hospitalizations and emergency department/urgent care (ED/UC) encounters when considering influenza vaccination status or including or excluding influenza-positive controls using data from the multi-state VISION vaccine effectiveness network. Analyses included encounters during October 2022 - February 2023, a period of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza cocirculation. When considering influenza vaccination status or including or excluding influenza-positive controls, COVID-19 VE estimates were robust, with most VE estimates against COVID-19-associated hospitalization and ED/UC encounters changing less than 5 percentage points. Higher proportions of influenza-positive patients among controls, influenza vaccination coverage, or VE could impact these findings; the potential bias should continue to be assessed.