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Browsing by Author "Chima, Ranjit S."
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Item Early Use of Adjunctive Therapies for Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A PARDIE Study(American Thoracic Society, 2020-06) Rowan, Courtney M.; Klein, Margaret J.; Hsing, Deyin Doreen; Dahmer, Mary K.; Spinella, Philip C.; Emeriaud, Guillaume; Hassinger, Amanda B.; Piñeres-Olave, Byron E.; Flori, Heidi R.; Haileselassie, Bereketeab; Lopez-Fernandez, Yolanda M.; Chima, Ranjit S.; Shein, Steven L.; Maddux, Aline B.; Lillie, Jon; Izquierdo, Ledys; Kneyber, Martin C.J.; Smith, Lincoln S.; Khemani, Robinder G.; Thomas, Neal J.; Yehya, Nadir; Pediatrics, School of MedicineRationale: Few data exist to guide early adjunctive therapy use in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS).Objectives: To describe contemporary use of adjunctive therapies for early PARDS as a framework for future investigations.Methods: This was a preplanned substudy of a prospective, international, cross-sectional observational study of children with PARDS from 100 centers over 10 study weeks.Measurements and Main Results: We investigated six adjunctive therapies for PARDS: continuous neuromuscular blockade, corticosteroids, inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), prone positioning, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Almost half (45%) of children with PARDS received at least one therapy. Variability was noted in the median starting oxygenation index of each therapy; corticosteroids started at the lowest oxygenation index (13.0; interquartile range, 7.6-22.0) and HFOV at the highest (25.7; interquartile range, 16.7-37.3). Continuous neuromuscular blockade was the most common, used in 31%, followed by iNO (13%), corticosteroids (10%), prone positioning (10%), HFOV (9%), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (3%). Steroids, iNO, and HFOV were associated with comorbidities. Prone positioning and HFOV were more common in middle-income countries and less frequently used in North America. The use of multiple ancillary therapies increased over the first 3 days of PARDS, but there was not an easily identifiable pattern of combination or order of use.Conclusions: The contemporary description of prevalence, combinations of therapies, and oxygenation threshold for which the therapies are applied is important for design of future studies. Region of the world, income, and comorbidities influence adjunctive therapy use and are important variables to include in PARDS investigations.Item Severe Acute Kidney Injury is Associated with Increased Risk of Death and New Morbidity After Pediatric Septic Shock(Wolters Kluwer, 2020-09) Starr, Michelle C.; Banks, Russell; Reeder, Ron W.; Fitzgerald, Julie C.; Pollack, Murray M.; Meert, Kathleen L.; McQuillen, Patrick S.; Mourani, Peter M.; Chima, Ranjit S.; Sorenson, Samuel; Varni, James W.; Hingorani, Sangeeta; Zimmerman, Jerry J.; Pediatrics, School of MedicineObjectives: Acute kidney injury is common in critically ill children; however, the frequency of septic shock-associated acute kidney injury and impact on functional status are unknown. We evaluated functional outcomes of children with septic shock-associated acute kidney injury. Design: Secondary analysis of patients with septic shock from the prospective Life after Pediatric Sepsis Evaluation study. We defined acute kidney injury using Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria, comparing patients with absent/Stage 1 acute kidney injury to those with Stage 2/3 acute kidney injury (severe acute kidney injury). Our primary outcome was a composite of mortality or new functional morbidity at day 28 of hospitalization or discharge. We also assessed poor long-term outcome, defined as mortality or a persistent, serious deterioration in health-related quality of life at 3 months. Setting: Twelve academic PICUs in the United States. Patients: Critically ill children, 1 month to 18 years, with community-acquired septic shock requiring vasoactive-inotropic support. Interventions: None. Measurements and main results: More than 50% of patients (176/348) developed severe acute kidney injury; of those, 21.6% (38/176) required renal replacement therapy. Twice as many patients with severe acute kidney injury died or developed new substantive functional morbidity (38.6 vs 16.3%; p < 0.001). After adjustment for age, malignancy, and initial illness severity, severe acute kidney injury was independently associated with mortality or new substantive morbidity (adjusted odds ratio, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.63-4.81; p < 0.001). Children with severe acute kidney injury had poorer health-related quality of life at 3 months (adjusted effect size 2.46; 95% CI, 1.44-4.20; p = 0.002). Children with severe acute kidney injury required longer duration of mechanical ventilation (11.0 vs 7.0 d; p < 0.001) and PICU stay (11.7 vs 7.1 d; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Among children with septic shock, severe acute kidney injury was independently associated with increased risk of death or new substantive functional morbidity. Survivors of sepsis with severe acute kidney injury were more likely to have persistent, serious health-related quality of life deterioration at 3 months.Item Tracheostomy and Long-Term Mechanical Ventilation in Children after Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation(Wiley, 2021-09) Mallory, Palen P.; Barbaro, Ryan P.; Bembea, Melania M.; Bridges, Brian C.; Chima, Ranjit S.; Kilbaugh, Todd J.; Potera, Renee M.; Rosner, Elizabeth A.; Sandhu, Hitesh S.; Slaven, James E.; Tarquinio, Keiko M.; Cheifetz, Ira M.; Friedman, Matthew L.; Biostatistics, School of Public HealthObjective Our objective is to characterize the incidence of tracheostomy placement and of new requirement for long-term mechanical ventilation after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) among children with acute respiratory failure. We examine whether an association exists between demographics, pre-ECMO and ECMO clinical factors, and the placement of a tracheostomy or need for long-term mechanical ventilation. Methods A retrospective multicenter cohort study was conducted at 10 quaternary care pediatric academic centers, including children supported with veno-venous (V-V) ECMO from 2011 to 2016. Results Among 202 patients, 136 (67%) survived to ICU discharge. All tracheostomies were placed after ECMO decannulation, in 22 patients, with 19 of those surviving to ICU discharge (14% of survivors). Twelve patients (9% of survivors) were discharged on long-term mechanical ventilation. Tracheostomy placement and discharge on home ventilation were not associated with pre-ECMO severity of illness or pre-existing chronic illness. Patients who received a tracheostomy were older and weighed more than patients who did not receive a tracheostomy, although this association did not exist among patients discharged on home ventilation. ECMO duration was longer in those who received a tracheostomy compared to those who did not, as well as for those discharged on home ventilation, compared to those who were not. Conclusion The 14% rate for tracheostomy placement and 9% rate for discharge on long-term mechanical ventilation after V-V ECMO are important patient centered findings. This work informs anticipatory guidance provided to families of patients requiring prolonged respiratory ECMO support, and lays the foundation for future research. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Item Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Children With Cancer or Hematopoietic Cell Transplant: A Ten Center Cohort(Wolters Kluwer, 2021) Bridges, Brian C.; Kilbaugh, Todd J.; Barbaro, Ryan P.; Bembea, Melania M.; Chima, Ranjit S.; Potera, Renee M.; Rosner, Elizabeth A.; Sandhu, Hitesh S.; Slaven, James E.; Tarquinio, Keiko M.; Cheifetz, Ira M.; Rowan, Courtney M.; Friedman, Matthew L.; Biostatistics, School of Public HealthWe performed a multi-center retrospective cohort study of children aged 14 days to 18 years in the United States from 2011 to 2016 with cancer or hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) who were supported with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO). We compared the outcomes of children with oncological diagnoses or HCT supported with V-V ECMO to other children who have received V-V ECMO support. In this cohort of 204 patients supported with V-V ECMO, 30 (15%) had a diagnosis of cancer or a history of HCT. There were 21 patients who had oncological diagnoses without HCT and 9 children were post-HCT. The oncology/HCT group had a higher overall ICU mortality (67% vs. 28%, p<0.001), mortality on ECMO (43% vs 21%, p<0.01), and ICU mortality among ECMO survivors (35% vs 8%, p<0.01). The oncology/HCT group had a higher rate of conversion to veno-arterial (V-A) ECMO (23% vs. 9%, p=0.02) (RR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1–5.6). Children with cancer or HCT were older (6.6 years vs 2.9 years, p=0.02) and had higher creatinine levels (0.65 mg/dL vs 0.4 mg/dL, p=0.04) but were similar to the rest of the cohort for other pre-ECMO variables. For post-HCT patients, survival was significantly worse for those whose indication for HCT was cancer or immunodeficiency (0/6) as compared to other nonmalignant indications (3/3) (p=0.01).