Browsing by Author "Chen, Yi"

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    International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity, Third Edition
    (Elsevier, 2021) Chiang, Michael F.; Quinn, Graham E.; Fielder, Alistair R.; Ostmo, Susan R.; Chan, R. V. Paul; Berrocal, Audina; Binenbaum, Gil; Blair, Michael; Campbell, J. Peter; Capone, Antonio, Jr.; Chen, Yi; Dai, Shuan; Ells, Anna; Fleck, Brian W.; Good, William V.; Hartnett, M. Elizabeth; Holmstrom, Gerd; Kusaka, Shunji; Kychenthal, Andrés; Lepore, Domenico; Lorenz, Birgit; Martinez-Castellanos, Maria Ana; Özdek, Şengül; Ademola-Popoola, Dupe; Reynolds, James D.; Shah, Parag K.; Shapiro, Michael; Stahl, Andreas; Toth, Cynthia; Vinekar, Anand; Visser, Linda; Wallace, David K.; Wu, Wei-Chi; Zhao, Peiquan; Zin, Andrea; Ophthalmology, School of Medicine
    Purpose: The International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity is a consensus statement that creates a standard nomenclature for classification of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). It was initially published in 1984, expanded in 1987, and revisited in 2005. This article presents a third revision, the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity, Third Edition (ICROP3), which is now required because of challenges such as: (1) concerns about subjectivity in critical elements of disease classification; (2) innovations in ophthalmic imaging; (3) novel pharmacologic therapies (e.g., anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents) with unique regression and reactivation features after treatment compared with ablative therapies; and (4) recognition that patterns of ROP in some regions of the world do not fit neatly into the current classification system. Design: Review of evidence-based literature, along with expert consensus opinion. Participants: International ROP expert committee assembled in March 2019 representing 17 countries and comprising 14 pediatric ophthalmologists and 20 retinal specialists, as well as 12 women and 22 men. Methods: The committee was initially divided into 3 subcommittees-acute phase, regression or reactivation, and imaging-each of which used iterative videoconferences and an online message board to identify key challenges and approaches. Subsequently, the entire committee used iterative videoconferences, 2 in-person multiday meetings, and an online message board to develop consensus on classification. Main outcome measures: Consensus statement. Results: The ICROP3 retains current definitions such as zone (location of disease), stage (appearance of disease at the avascular-vascular junction), and circumferential extent of disease. Major updates in the ICROP3 include refined classification metrics (e.g., posterior zone II, notch, subcategorization of stage 5, and recognition that a continuous spectrum of vascular abnormality exists from normal to plus disease). Updates also include the definition of aggressive ROP to replace aggressive-posterior ROP because of increasing recognition that aggressive disease may occur in larger preterm infants and beyond the posterior retina, particularly in regions of the world with limited resources. ROP regression and reactivation are described in detail, with additional description of long-term sequelae. Conclusions: These principles may improve the quality and standardization of ROP care worldwide and may provide a foundation to improve research and clinical care.
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    Three-dimensional imaging and quantitative analysis in CLARITY processed breast cancer tissues
    (Springer Nature, 2019-04-04) Chen, Yi; Shen, Qi; White, Sharla L.; Gokmen-Polar, Yesim; Badve, Sunil; Goodman, Laurie J.; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine
    The tumor microenvironment can be spatially heterogenous, which makes it challenging to fully characterize with standard 2D histology-based methods. In this study, we determined the feasibility of a CLARITY tissue-processing approach to analyze biopsies from breast cancer patients. Formalin-fixed human breast cancer core-needle biopsy specimens, were embedded, lipid-cleared, and multiplexed immunostained to identify key biomarkers (pan-cytokeratin, Ki67, CD3). Confocal microscopy was then used to image the specimens after refractive index matching. These data sets were then quantitatively compared to conventional slide-based FFPE histology. Using CLARITY, the gross and cellular morphology of the tissues were well preserved, and high optical transparency was achieved, with the exception of fibrotic regions. Specific staining of various cellular and nuclear markers was achieved using optimized antibody conditions. Manually determined composite Ki67 scores from the CLARITY datasets agreed with histology results. However, the CLARITY datasets (3D) revealed variation in the intra-tumoral Ki67 expression that was not evident in individual FFPE sections (2D). We further demonstrated that archived FFPE clinical specimens can be CLARITY-processed, immunostained, and imaged. In short, CLARITY-processed specimens may enable a more accurate, unbiased analysis of tumor samples in comparison to conventional slide-based histology, thus allowing for improved visualization of intra-tumoral heterogeneity.