Browsing by Author "Chang, A. M."

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    Prior differences in previous trauma exposure primarily drive the observed racial/ethnic differences in posttrauma depression and anxiety following a recent trauma
    (Cambridge University Press, 2023) Harnett, N. G.; Dumornay, N. M.; Delity, M.; Sanchez, L. D.; Mohiuddin, K.; Musey, P. I., Jr.; Seamon, M. J.; McLean, S. A.; Kessler, R. C.; Koenen, K. C.; Beaudoin, F. L.; Lebois, L. A. M.; van Rooij, S. J. H.; Sampson, N. A.; Michopoulos, V.; Maples-Keller, J. L.; Haran, J. P.; Storrow, A. B.; Lewandowski, C.; Hendry, P. L.; Sheikh, S.; Jones, C. W.; Punches, B. E.; Kurz, M. C.; Swor, R. A.; McGrath, M. E.; Hudak, L. A.; Pascual, J. L.; House, S. L.; An, X.; Stevens, J. S.; Neylan, T. C.; Jovanovic, T.; Linnstaedt, S. D.; Germine, L. T.; Datner, E. M.; Chang, A. M.; Pearson, C.; Peak, D. A.; Merchant, R. C.; Domeier, R. M.; Rathlev, N. K.; O'Neil, B. J.; Sergot, P.; Bruce, S. E.; Miller, M. W.; Pietrzak, R. H.; Joormann, J.; Barch, D. M.; Pizzagalli, D. A.; Sheridan, J. F.; Smoller, J. W.; Luna, B.; Harte, S. E.; Elliott, J. M.; Ressler, K. J.; Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: Racial and ethnic groups in the USA differ in the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent research however has not observed consistent racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic stress in the early aftermath of trauma, suggesting that such differences in chronic PTSD rates may be related to differences in recovery over time. Methods: As part of the multisite, longitudinal AURORA study, we investigated racial/ethnic differences in PTSD and related outcomes within 3 months after trauma. Participants (n = 930) were recruited from emergency departments across the USA and provided periodic (2 weeks, 8 weeks, and 3 months after trauma) self-report assessments of PTSD, depression, dissociation, anxiety, and resilience. Linear models were completed to investigate racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic dysfunction with subsequent follow-up models assessing potential effects of prior life stressors. Results: Racial/ethnic groups did not differ in symptoms over time; however, Black participants showed reduced posttraumatic depression and anxiety symptoms overall compared to Hispanic participants and White participants. Racial/ethnic differences were not attenuated after accounting for differences in sociodemographic factors. However, racial/ethnic differences in depression and anxiety were no longer significant after accounting for greater prior trauma exposure and childhood emotional abuse in White participants. Conclusions: The present findings suggest prior differences in previous trauma exposure partially mediate the observed racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic depression and anxiety symptoms following a recent trauma. Our findings further demonstrate that racial/ethnic groups show similar rates of symptom recovery over time. Future work utilizing longer time-scale data is needed to elucidate potential racial/ethnic differences in long-term symptom trajectories.