Browsing by Author "Cardona, Carolina"

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    Author Correction: Nuclear Translocation of Glutaminase GLS2 in Human Cancer Cells Associates with Proliferation Arrest and Differentiation
    (Springer Nature, 2021-01-04) López de la Oliva, Amada R.; Campos-Sandoval, José A.; Gómez-García, María C.; Cardona, Carolina; Martín-Rufián, Mercedes; Sialana, Fernando J.; Castilla, Laura; Bae, Narkhyun; Lobo, Carolina; Peñalver, Ana; García-Frutos, Marina; Carro, David; Enrique, Victoria; Paz, José C.; Mirmira, Raghavendra G.; Gutiérrez, Antonia; Alonso, Francisco J.; Segura, Juan A.; Matés, José M.; Lubec, Gert; Márquez, Javier; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Correction to: Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-020-58264-4, published online 10 February 2020
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    Nuclear Translocation of Glutaminase GLS2 in Human Cancer Cells Associates with Proliferation Arrest and Differentiation
    (Nature Research, 2020-02-10) López de la Oliva, Amada R.; Campos-Sandoval, José A.; Gómez-García, María C.; Cardona, Carolina; Martín-Rufián, Mercedes; Sialana, Fernando J.; Castilla, Laura; Bae, Narkhyun; Lobo, Carolina; Peñalver, Ana; García-Frutos, Marina; Carro, David; Enrique, Victoria; Paz, José C.; Mirmira, Raghavendra G.; Gutiérrez, Antonia; Alonso, Francisco J.; Segura, Juan A.; Matés, José M.; Lubec, Gert; Márquez, Javier; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Glutaminase (GA) catalyzes the first step in mitochondrial glutaminolysis playing a key role in cancer metabolic reprogramming. Humans express two types of GA isoforms: GLS and GLS2. GLS isozymes have been consistently related to cell proliferation, but the role of GLS2 in cancer remains poorly understood. GLS2 is repressed in many tumor cells and a better understanding of its function in tumorigenesis may further the development of new therapeutic approaches. We analyzed GLS2 expression in HCC, GBM and neuroblastoma cells, as well as in monkey COS-7 cells. We studied GLS2 expression after induction of differentiation with phorbol ester (PMA) and transduction with the full-length cDNA of GLS2. In parallel, we investigated cell cycle progression and levels of p53, p21 and c-Myc proteins. Using the baculovirus system, human GLS2 protein was overexpressed, purified and analyzed for posttranslational modifications employing a proteomics LC-MS/MS platform. We have demonstrated a dual targeting of GLS2 in human cancer cells. Immunocytochemistry and subcellular fractionation gave consistent results demonstrating nuclear and mitochondrial locations, with the latter being predominant. Nuclear targeting was confirmed in cancer cells overexpressing c-Myc- and GFP-tagged GLS2 proteins. We assessed the subnuclear location finding a widespread distribution of GLS2 in the nucleoplasm without clear overlapping with specific nuclear substructures. GLS2 expression and nuclear accrual notably increased by treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with PMA and it correlated with cell cycle arrest at G2/M, upregulation of tumor suppressor p53 and p21 protein. A similar response was obtained by overexpression of GLS2 in T98G glioma cells, including downregulation of oncogene c-Myc. Furthermore, human GLS2 was identified as being hypusinated by MS analysis, a posttranslational modification which may be relevant for its nuclear targeting and/or function. Our studies provide evidence for a tumor suppressor role of GLS2 in certain types of cancer. The data imply that GLS2 can be regarded as a highly mobile and multilocalizing protein translocated to both mitochondria and nuclei. Upregulation of GLS2 in cancer cells induced an antiproliferative response with cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase.
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    Optimal Design for Deployable Structures Using Origami Tessellations
    (ASME, 2020-01) Cardona, Carolina; Tovar, Andres; Anwar, Sohel; Mechanical and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology
    This work presents innovative origami optimization methods for the design of unit cells for complex origami tessellations that can be utilized for the design of deployable structures. The design method used to create origami tiles utilizes the principles of discrete topology optimization for ground structures applied to origami crease patterns. The initial design space shows all possible creases and is given the desired input and output forces. Taking into account foldability constraints derived from Maekawa’s and Kawasaki’s theorems, the algorithm designates creases as active or passive. Geometric constraints are defined from the target 3D object. The periodic reproduction of this unit cell allows us to create tessellations that are used in the creation of deployable shelters. Design requirements for structurally sound tessellations are discussed and used to evaluate the effectiveness of our results. Future work includes the applications of unit cells and tessellation design for origami inspired mechanisms. Special focus will be given to self-deployable structures, including shelters for natural disasters.