Browsing by Author "Campbell, Emily"

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    Does Mentoring Buffer Women in Science from the Effects of Perceived Discrimination on Career Outcomes?
    (2016) Campbell, Emily; Ashburn-Nardo, Leslie; Williams, Jane R.; Morris, Kate
    The number of women working in STEM areas of academia declines as rank progresses—a phenomenon termed the “leaky pipeline” (Burke, 2007). The leaky pipeline is due in part to discrimination. Women in STEM report high perceived discrimination, which is associated with negative career outcomes (Settles, Cortina, Stewart, & Malley, 2007; Pascoe & Richman, 2009). No research to date has examined whether mentoring might buffer the negative effects of perceived discrimination for female professors working in STEM areas of academia. This study examines whether mentoring relationships moderate the relationships between perceived discrimination and career outcomes including job satisfaction and work engagement for women in STEM. 118 women faculty in STEM completed an online survey of perceived discrimination, job satisfaction, and engagement. Although results revealed main effects of perceived discrimination and mentoring, mentoring did not moderate the relationship between perceived discrimination and outcomes. Exploratory analyses provide future research directions to understand the leaky pipeline.
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    Recommendation on an updated standardization of serum magnesium reference ranges
    (Springer, 2022-06-10) Rosanoff, Andrea; Wes, Christina; Elin, Ronald J.; Micke, Oliver; Baniasadi, Shadi; Barbagallo, Mario; Campbell, Emily; Cheng, Fu-Chou; Costello, Rebecca B.; Gamboa-Gomez, Claudia; Guerrero-Romero, Fernando; Gletsu-Miller, Nana; von Ehrlich, Bodo; Iotti, Stefano; Kahe, Ka; Kim, Dae Jung; Kisters, Klaus; Kolisek, Martin; Kraus, Anton; Maier, Jeanette A.; Maj-Zurawska, Magdalena; Merolle, Lucia; Nechifor, Mihai; Pourdowlat, Guitti; Shechter, Michael; Song, Yiqing; Teoh, Yee Ping; Touyz, Rhian M.; Wallace, Taylor C.; Yokota, Kuninobu; Wolf, Federica; the MaGNet Global Magnesium Project (MaGNet); Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health
    Purpose Serum magnesium is the most frequently used laboratory test for evaluating clinical magnesium status. Hypomagnesemia (low magnesium status), which is associated with many chronic diseases, is diagnosed using the serum magnesium reference range. Currently, no international consensus for a magnesemia normal range exists. Two independent groups designated 0.85 mmol/L (2.07 mg/dL; 1.7 mEq/L) as the low cut-off point defining hypomagnesemia. MaGNet discussions revealed differences in serum magnesium reference ranges used by members’ hospitals and laboratories, presenting an urgent need for standardization. Methods We gathered and compared serum magnesium reference range values from our institutions, hospitals, and colleagues worldwide. Results Serum magnesium levels designating “hypomagnesemia” differ widely. Of 43 collected values, only 2 met 0.85 mmol/L as the low cut-off point to define hypomagnesemia. The remainder had lower cut-off values, which may underestimate hypomagnesemia diagnosis in hospital, clinical, and research assessments. Current serum magnesium reference ranges stem from “normal” populations, which unknowingly include persons with chronic latent magnesium deficit (CLMD). Serum magnesium levels of patients with CLMD fall within widely used “normal” ranges, but their magnesium status is too low for long-term health. The lower serum magnesium reference (0.85 mmol/L) proposed specifically prevents the inclusion of patients with CLMD. Conclusions Widely varying serum magnesium reference ranges render our use of this important medical tool imprecise, minimizing impacts of low magnesium status or hypomagnesemia as a marker of disease risk. To appropriately diagnose, increase awareness of, and manage magnesium status, it is critical to standardize lower reference values for serum magnesium at 0.85 mmol/L (2.07 mg/dL; 1.7 mEq/L).