Browsing by Author "Caine, Virginia"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Design and Implementation of the Diabetes Impact Project: A Multisector Partnership to Reduce Diabetes Burden in Indianapolis Communities
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2023) Staten, Lisa K.; Weathers, Tess D.; Nicholas, Celeste; Grain, Tedd; Haut, Dawn P.; Duckett-Brown, Patrice; Halverson, Paul K.; Caine, Virginia; Community and Global Health, School of Public Health
    Context: Community-level health disparities have not arisen suddenly but are the result of long-term systemic inequities. This article describes the design and implementation of a community-engaged multisector partnership to address health disparities by reducing the diabetes burden in 3 Indianapolis communities through the implementation of evidence-based strategies across the prevention continuum. Program: The project has 5 foundational design principles: engage partners from multiple sectors to address community health, focus on geographic communities most affected by the health disparity, practice authentic community engagement, commit for the long term, and utilize a holistic approach spanning the prevention continuum. Implementation: The design principles are incorporated into the following project components in each community: (1) health system community health workers (hCHWs), (2) neighborhood CHWs (nCHWs), (3) community health promotion initiatives, and (4) resident steering committees, as well as a backbone organization responsible for overall coordination, project communication, evaluation, and partnership coordination. Evaluation: This complex multilevel intervention is being evaluated using data sources and methodologies suited to each project component and its purpose overall. Each component is being evaluated independently and included holistically to measure the impact of the project on the health and culture of health in the communities. Key Performance Indicators were established upon project initiation as our common metrics for the partnership. Because complex interventions aiming at population-level change take time, we evaluate Diabetes Impact Project-Indianapolis Neighborhoods (DIP-IN), assuming its impact will take many years to achieve. Discussion: Health disparities such as the diabetes prevalence in project communities have not arisen suddenly but are the result of long-term systemic inequities. This complex issue requires a complex holistic solution with long-term commitment, trusted partnerships, and investment from diverse sectors as seen in this project. Implications for policy and practice include the need to identify stable funding mechanisms to support these types of holistic approaches.
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    Ending Race-Conscious College Admissions and Its Potential Impact on the Infectious Disease Workforce
    (Oxford University Press, 2024-02-14) Momplaisir, Florence; Rogo, Tanya; Parrish, Ronika Alexander; Delair, Shirley; Rigaud, Mona; Caine, Virginia; Absalon, Judith; Word, Bonnie; Hewlett, Dial; Medicine, School of Medicine
    On 29 June 2023, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that race-conscious consideration for college admission is unconstitutional. We discuss the consequences of this ruling on the delivery of equitable care and health system readiness to combat current and emerging pandemics. We propose strategies to mitigate the negative impact of this ruling on diversifying the infectious disease (ID) workforce.
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    Fostering Local Health Department and Health System Collaboration Through Case Conferences for At-Risk and Vulnerable Population
    (American Public Health Association, 2018-05) Vest, Joshua R.; Caine, Virginia; Harris, Lisa E.; Watson, Dennis P.; Menachemi, Nir; Halverson, Paul; Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health
    In case conferences, health care providers work together to identify and address patients' complex social and medical needs. Public health nurses from the local health department joined case conference teams at federally qualified health center primary care sites to foster cross-sector collaboration, integration, and mutual learning. Public health nurse participation resulted in frequent referrals to local health department services, greater awareness of public health capabilities, and potential policy interventions to address social determinants of health.
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    Indoor Public Mask-Wearing Behavior Changes in Response to National, State, and Local COVID-19 Policies
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2022) Vest, Joshua R.; Cash-Goldwasser, Shama; Peters Bergquist, Eleanor; Embi, Peter J.; Caine, Virginia; Halverson, Paul K.; Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health
    Objective: To estimate changes in public mask-wearing behavior in response to public health policies during COVID-19. Design: Panel of observed public mask-wearing. Setting: Counts of adult behavior in Marion County, Indiana, between November 15, 2020, and May 31, 2021. Determinants of interest: (1) Removal of state masking requirement; (2) introduction of the National Strategy for the COVID-19 Response and Pandemic Preparedness; (3) the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendation that vaccinated individuals did not need to wear masks in public; and (4) COVID-19 vaccine availability. Outcome: Percent observed with correct mask-wearing. Analyses: Fixed-effects models estimated the association between policies and mask-wearing. Results: Ending Indiana's mask requirement was not associated with changes in correct mask-wearing. The CDC's recommendation was associated with a decrease of 12.3 percentage points in correct mask-wearing (95% CI, -23.47 to -1.05; P = .032). Conclusions: Behavior encouraged by local mask requirements appeared to be resilient to changes in state policy. CDC recommendations appeared influential.
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    Multipronged Approach to Controlling a Tuberculosis Outbreak Among Persons Experiencing Homelessness
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2022) Muloma, Eva; Stewart, Rebekah; Townsend, Helen; Koch, Sarah; Burkholder, Sarah; Railey, Shanica; White, Kelly; Redington-Noble, Rachel; Caine, Virginia; Medicine, School of Medicine
    In May 2009, the Marion County Public Health Department in Indiana declared a tuberculosis (TB) outbreak among persons experiencing homelessness in Marion County, began active case finding to detect additional cases, and formed a TB outbreak response team to plan and coordinate outbreak activities. Outbreak-associated cases had 1 of 2 outbreak genotypes and either reported experiencing homelessness themselves or had an epidemiologic link to a shelter or a person experiencing homelessness. The last of 53 outbreak-associated cases was detected in 2019 after more than 2 years without a case. The Marion County Public Health Department continues to address TB-related issues and implement prevention measures at homeless shelters and among persons experiencing homelessness in 2019. This example, in addition to other published guidance, can be used by jurisdictions to plan and implement their own TB outbreak prevention and response activities among persons experiencing homelessness.
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    Population Point Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Based on a Statewide Random Sample — Indiana, April 25–29, 2020
    (Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020-07-24) Menachemi, Nir; Yiannoutsos, Constantin T.; Dixon, Brian E.; Duszynski, Thomas J.; Fadel, William F.; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara K.; Needleman, Nadia Unruh; Box, Kristina; Caine, Virginia; Norwood, Connor; Weaver, Lindsay; Halverson, Paul K.; Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health
    During April 25–29, 2020, Indiana conducted statewide random sample testing of persons aged ≥12 years to assess prevalence of active infection and presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2; additional nonrandom sampling was conducted in racial and ethnic minority communities to better understand the impact of the virus in certain racial and ethnic minority populations.