IU Indianapolis ScholarWorks :: Browsing by Author "Bond, Gary R."

Browsing by Author "Bond, Gary R."

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9

Coping with Positive and Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
(2010-08) Rollins, Angela L.; Bond, Gary R.; Lysaker, Paul H.; McGrew, John H.; Salyers, Michelle P.
Objective: Although coping with positive symptoms of schizophrenia has been studied widely, few studies have examined coping with negative symptoms. This study compares the appraisal of stressfulness and coping patterns in response to positive and negative symptoms experienced by clients with schizophrenia attending a community mental health center. Methods: Clients were interviewed to assess symptom severity, appraisal of symptom stressfulness, and coping strategies used for selected symptoms rated as severe and reported as stressful. Open-ended responses from clients regarding coping strategies were coded according to an a priori coding scheme. Results: Clients reported negative symptoms as less stressful, and they used fewer coping strategies in response than they did for positive symptoms. Clients used some types of coping more than others: behavioral more than cognitive, nonsocial more than social, emotion-focused more than problem-focused, and avoidant more than nonavoidant. Conclusions: Clients more often report positive symptoms as stressful compared with negative symptoms, though negative symptoms are still reported as stressful to a certain degree, indicating a need to improve our ability to help clients cope with negative symptoms. Clients are less likely to use coping strategies to counteract negative symptoms compared with positive symptoms. Implications are discussed for developing interventions tailored to promoting awareness of and ways of coping with negative symptoms.
Development and Testing of an Intervention to Improve Group Decision-Making Effectiveness in a Hidden Profile Scenario
(2010-04-12T17:47:41Z) Donovan, Angela S.; Devine, Dennis J. (Dennis John); Williams, Jane; Bond, Gary R.
Research has repeatedly shown that when groups whose members have varying expertise are combined to make a decision, they tend to discuss common information at a higher rate than unique information, hindering their ability to make the best decision. In response to these findings and the fact that organizations are increasingly using groups rather than individuals to make important decisions, a new intervention was developed based on past research to help groups make better decisions and discuss more unique information. The intervention was developed through three phases to determine which techniques were most powerful. The formal evaluation of the intervention was tested on a total of 228 undergraduate students (44 groups of four and 52 individuals). Groups were randomized into an experimental condition, receiving the intervention, or a control condition. Groups participated in a hidden profile business simulation acting as the top management team of a fictional Hollywood movie studio. Information was distributed so that there was common and unique information for each group. Groups given the intervention made significantly better decisions, shared more unique information, and performed significantly better than individuals. Unique information sharing was positively related to performance and the unique information given to one group member mediated the relationship between the condition and performance. In addition, this study revealed that within the inventory of unique information, different types of information may be more critical in reaching the best possible decision than others. Future research aims and implications are discussed.
Employment specialists' competencies as predictors of employment outcomes.
(2010-05-25T20:16:20Z) Taylor, Amanda Christine; Bond, Gary R.; McGrew, John H., 1953-; Rand, Kevin; Devine, Dennis J. (Dennis John)
Employment specialist competencies were examined as predictors of employment outcomes for consumers with severe mental illness participating in supported employment. Using a cross-sectional correlational design a variety of self-report and supervisor-rated performance measures were examined for their association with three consumer employment outcomes (e.g., the percentage of consumers on an employment specialist's caseload that were competitively employed, the percentage of consumers on an employment specialist's caseload that were employed 90 consecutive days, and the rate in which consumers dropped out of employment services). Six mental health agencies with a total of 57 employment specialists and 14 supervisors from across the nation participated in the study. Competitive employment rates ranged among employment specialists from 0% to 80%. Higher supervisor-rated job performance, supervisor-rated employment specialist efficacy, percentage of work time spent in the community during the past month, and number of contacts with consumers during the past month were related to improved consumer employment outcomes. However, employment specialist attitudes, knowledge of supported employment, conscientiousness, and self-efficacy were unrelated to employment outcomes. This study is one of the first of its kind to examine employment specialist competencies as they relate to supported employment for consumers with severe mental illness. While supported employment is a great improvement over traditional vocational programs, further examination of employment specialist competencies could hold the key to unlocking employment success for many more consumers.
Housing Preferences and Choices Among Adults with Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders: A Qualitative Study
(2010-08) Tsai, Jack; Bond, Gary R.; Salyers, Michelle P.; Godfrey, Jenna L.; Davis, Kristin E.
Housing is a crucial issue for adults with severe mental illness and co-occurring substance use disorders, as this population is particularly susceptible to housing instability and homelessness. We interviewed 40 adults with dual disorders, living in either supervised or independent housing arrangements, to examine housing preferences, decision making processes surrounding housing choices, and perceived barriers to housing. We found that many clients indicated their housing preferences had changed over time, and some clients related housing preferences to recovery. Although the majority of clients preferred independent housing, many also described benefits of supervised housing. Clients' current living situations appeared to be driven primarily by treatment provider recommendations and availability of housing. Common barriers to obtaining desired housing were lack of income and information. These findings have implications for supported housing models and approaches to providing housing for clients.
Illness Representations of Breast Cancer among Hispanics
(2011-03-09) Hernandez, Ann Marie; Bigatti, Silvia M.; Johnson, Kathy E.; Bond, Gary R.; Wagner, Christina
Hispanics are more likely to die from breast cancer compared to non - Hispanic whites matched on stage and age at diagnosis. Higher mortality rates among Hispanics are attributed to cancer - related disparities across the cancer continuum including later - stage detection. While research has shown that socioeconomic factors play a significant role in the development and maintenance of cancer - related disparities, differences persist when these factors are controlled. Thus far, research on cultural factors and cognitions surrounding cancer is limited. The current study investigated illness representations of cancer and their determinants among Hispanic men and women (N = 120) using a cross - sectional survey approach. The study sample was comprised of predominantly first generation, employed Hispanic women in their early - thirties from Mexico. Most had not resided in the U.S. for more than 5 - 9 years. Half of the sample reported an annual income of $20,001 - $30,000 and completing at least a middle school education. While the majority indicated that they did not have health insurance, most indicated that they did have a regular source of health care. Additionally, while most had not been diagnosed with cancer, nearly half of the sample knew of someone diagnosed with cancer. Descriptive data regarding illness identity, illness coherence, timeline, causes, consequences, and controllability are provided. Results suggest that demographic factors (i.e. acculturation, education, and income), cultural constructs (i.e. fatalism and familism), intrapersonal factors (state and trait anxiety), and previous experience with cancer were associated with illness representations of breast cancer. The study adds to theliterature by systematically investigate illness representations of breast cancer and their determinants among a diverse sample of Hispanic men and women. This is a significant first step that can be used to guide and develop effective and culturally appropriate interventions that ultimately reduce disparities across the cancer continuum.
Integrating Assertive Community Treatment and Illness Management and Recovery for Consumers with Severe Mental Illness
(2010-08) Salyers, Michelle P.; McGuire, Alan B.; Rollins, Angela L.; Bond, Gary R.; Mueser, Kim T.; Macy, Veronica R.
This study examined the integration of two evidence-based practices for adults with severe mental illness: Assertive community treatment (ACT) and illness management and recovery (IMR) with peer specialists as IMR practitioners. Two of four ACT teams were randomly assigned to implement IMR. Over 2 years, the ACT–IMR teams achieved moderate fidelity to the IMR model, but low penetration rates: 47 (25.7%) consumers participated in any IMR sessions and 7 (3.8%) completed the program during the study period. Overall, there were no differences in consumer outcomes at the ACT team level; however, consumers exposed to IMR showed reduced hospital use over time.
Re-Implementing Assertive Community Treatment: One Agency's Challenge of Meeting State Standards
(2012-03-20) Godfrey, Jenna Lynn; Bond, Gary R.; Salyers, Michelle P.; McGrew, John H., 1953-; Horton-Deutsch, Sara L.
Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) is a widely implemented evidence-based practice for consumers with severe mental illness. However, fidelity to the model is variable and program drift, in which programs decrease in fidelity over time, can occur. Given substantial variability in fidelity and program drift in evidence-based practices, a study to examine how to re-implement ACT to high fidelity on established teams was warranted. The present study examined three teams providing moderate fidelity services prior to a state-wide policy change to the definition of ACT. Two of the teams attempted to implement ACT in accordance with state standards, while the third team served as a quasi-control for factors related to other state policy changes, such as a change to the funding mechanism. The implementation effort was examined using qualitative and quantitative measures over a 14-month period at a large, psychosocial rehabilitation center. Themes that were common across all three teams included the perceived negative impact of fee-for-service, ambiguity of stipulations and lack of guidance from the Department of Mental Health (DMH), difficulties with the managed care organization, importance of leadership within the agency, and familiarity with the services. Perceived barriers specific to the implementation of ACT standards included DMH stipulations, staff turnover, lack of resources, and implementation overload, i.e., too many changes at once. One team also had the significant barrier of a misalignment of requirements between two funding sources. Staff attitudes represented both a facilitator and a barrier to ACT implementation, while management being supportive of ACT was viewed as a major facilitator. One of the two teams seeking ACT status was rated at high fidelity within 6 months and maintained high fidelity throughout the study. The other team seeking ACT status never achieved high fidelity and decertified from ACT status after 6 months. The agency’s focus on productivity standards during the implementation effort hampered fidelity on the two teams seeking ACT status and greatly contributed to burnout on all three teams. The team achieving ACT status overcame the barriers in the short-term; however, DMH requirements may have threatened the long-term sustainability of ACT at the agency.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYMENT STATUS AND NONVOCATIONAL OUTCOMES FOR PERSONS WITH SEVERE MENTAL ILLNESS ENROLLED IN VOCATIONAL PROGRAMS: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY
(2010-04-01T15:07:58Z) Kukla, Marina Elizabeth; Bond, Gary R.
The primary purpose of the current study was to determine the relationship between employment and the nonvocational functioning of people with severe mental illness in a prospective 24 month study, as a partial replication of another study. An employment typology was utilized that was comprised of participants at four employment levels: no work (those who did not work the entire study period), minimal work (those who worked 24 weeks or less in competitive and/or noncompetitive, paid employment), paid work (those who worked 24 or more weeks, the majority of which was spent in noncompetitive, paid employment), and competitive work (those who worked 24 or more weeks, the majority of which was spent in competitive employment). Both objective and subjective outcomes were addressed, including quality of life, symptoms, psychiatric hospitalizations, social networks, and residential status. Participants consisted of persons with severe mental illness (most with a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder) who were receiving employment services at a large, urban psychiatric rehabilitation center. Mixed effects regression modeling and logistic regression were used to analyze the date. Results indicate that the competitive work group experienced an accelerated improvement in negative symptoms across time and was less likely to have psychiatric hospitalization days as compared with the no work group. The paid work group showed an accelerated improvement in social network scores across time as compared with the no work, minimal work, and competitive work groups. The full sample demonstrated improvements across the study period regardless of employment typology status in the areas of overall quality of life, financial quality of life, cognitive symptoms, and social networks. In conclusion, this study adds to the growing body of evidence indicating that work, particularly periods of extended competitive work may lead to important benefits in clinical and social domains, although threats to internal validity that could not be ruled out preclude a causal link from being established. Future research is needed to further investigate this relationship, particularly in regards to those outcomes that are not well understood, such as residential status.
Utility of consumer-rated fidelity of evidence-based supported employment
(2012-03-20) Mook, Abigail C.; Bond, Gary R.; Rand, Kevin L.; McGrew, John H., 1953-
There is a lack of existing research that investigates the feasibility of using consumers to evaluate the fidelity of evidence-based practices, including supported employment which is an intervention that helps people with severe mental illnesses to obtain competitive employment. Fidelity refers to the extent that the SE program adheres to the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) model of supported employment. The present study was a concordance study that investigated whether or not consumers’ self reports of IPS fidelity information agreed with administrative charts and employment specialists. Additionally, it was hypothesized that consumers’ program satisfaction ratings would be positively correlated with their self reported IPS fidelity scores. An additional purpose of this study was to examine what types of supported employment fidelity items consumers were able to report on. Participants included a volunteer sample of 30 consumers and 5 employment specialists from one IPS program in Indiana. Consumers in the IPS program were interviewed by telephone using a survey that included questions related to their program’s fidelity as well as their satisfaction with the program. Questions were based off of items from the IPS Fidelity Scale and were categorized into the following subscales: work incentives counseling, job search, engagement, organization, staffing, and job support. Similar questions were asked in an employment specialist survey and a chart review. All three sources (consumers, charts, and employment specialists) indicated high IPS fidelity responses on the researcher developed surveys. However, there was a low level of agreement between the sources at both the subscale level and item level. Although there was an overall low level of agreement between sources, there were several items that had a moderate or higher degree of agreement. Additionally, the present study did find a positive correlation between the consumer fidelity score percentage and consumer IPS program satisfaction ratings, supporting the researcher’s hypothesis. Among the items that consumers had difficulty answering were several tapping program level policies such as zero exclusion. Reasons for the discrepancy in agreement between sources as well as clinical implications of the findings are discussed.

Browsing by Author "Bond, Gary R."

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