Browsing by Author "Bein, Frederick L."

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    A Geographical Comparison of the Relationship Between Aerosol Optical Depth and Fine Particulate Matter in Indiana
    (2015-05) Douglas, April D.; Johnson, Daniel P.; Lulla, Vijay O.; Bein, Frederick L.
    This study looked at the time period of June through mid-October, 2013, based on the results of earlier studies that the strongest correlation between the PM2.5 and AOD data sets occurs during the summer and fall. Terra satellite data was used in this study due to availability of images for the geographic area of the state of Indiana during the time period of the study. PM2.5 measurements from 12 IDEM continuous monitoring sites, which were collected at noon local time, were compared with MODIS AOD data. Despite the limitations of useful data and smaller data sets, this study shows encouraging results, and illustrates that there is a relationship between remotely sensed MODIS AOD data and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) data collected from ground sensors within the geographic region of the state of Indiana. It is believed that this topic should be studied further and expanded upon.
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    Onion Cultivation System and Spatial Distribution Centers in Tahoua Region/Niger
    (2019-01) Mallam, Abass A.; Bein, Frederick L.; Lulla, Vijay; Banerjee, Rudy; Wilson, Jeffrey
    Onion farming is the main irrigated crop that contributes to the economy of the Tahoua region, Niger. There are two factors that promote the outstanding potentialities of onion cultivation in Niger: the best productive variety “Violet Galmi”, and it is well adapted to storage. It is produced during both growing seasons which creates a permanent local supply of onions all year. Much of the producing areas are not accessible by road, which inhibits the marketing network. Farmers are in need of an improved transportation system in order to further develop onion production. The Violet of Galmi is grown by all the onion producers of Niger. This onion has a major importance in the socio-economic life of the Nigerien population. The consumers appreciate its cooking qualities and spicy taste. It also has a commercial advantage in the local and the sub-regional markets.
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    Retrieval of aerosol optical depth from MODIS data at 500 m resolution compared with ground measurement in the state of Indiana
    (2015-05-05) Alhaj Mohamad, Fahed; Johnson, Daniel P.; Lulla, Vijay O.; Bein, Frederick L.
    Objective: "The purpose of this research is: Study the use of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data in retrieving the aerosol optical depth (AOD) over Indiana State at high resolution of 500 meters. Examine the potential of using the resulted AOD data as an indicator of particulate air pollution by comparing the satellite derived AOD data with the ground measurements (provided from the continuous air monitors available over the study area). If an association should be found, AOD data would be used to map particulate matter (PM) concentration. Assess current and future ambient concentrations of air pollutants in the State of Indiana using the AOD."
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    Settlement in Transition: a Transformation of a Village into a Small Town in Western Sudan
    (Springer, 2018-03) Ibrahim, Mohamed Babiker; Zulu, Leo C.; Bein, Frederick L.; Geography, School of Liberal Arts
    UN-Habitat projects Sub-Saharan Africa’s global share of the urban population to increase from 11.3% in 2010 to 20.2% by 2050. Yet little is documented about the underlying urbanization processes, particularly of emergence of small towns. This article uses household interviews, focus groups, observation, and secondary data to examine the spontaneous transformation of a western Sudanese village, Shubbola, into a small town. We use changes in building construction approach, materials, and style as an indicator of development and provide rare documentation of the process, the main actors, choices taken, timescales, and outcomes of the rapid urbanization of Shubbola between 2006 and 2013. Housing transformation was variable but involved a gradual process of replacing traditional non-durable building materials (wood and straw) with modern durable ones (sun- or fire-cured bricks, cement blocks, and metal roofs). Unlike traditional top-down models of urbanization generally driven by government investment, Shubbola epitomizes an organic, bottom-up process dependent on self-reliance and agriculture development fueled by remittances from urban-based relatives. While many small towns with similar origins fail to do so, Shubbola already provided important urban services to its inhabitants and surrounding rural areas. The study enhances understanding of small towns and underlying urbanization processes and their contribution to often neglected bottom-up, low-cost processes that do not fit traditional top-down models. It also contributes to literature and policy on sustainable cities and their role in sustainable development as encapsulated in UN Sustainable Development Goal 11. The study contributes to understanding the processes and implications of rapid urbanization in the Sudan and Africa and other world regions.
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    The Spatial Relationship Between Septic System Failure and Environmental Factors in Washington Township, Marion County, Indiana
    (2019-04) Hanson, Brian L.; Johnson, Daniel P.; Lulla, Vijay; Bein, Frederick L.
    Underground septic systems thrive or fail based on the relationship with their local environment. This paper explores ways environmental variables such as soil type, tree roots, degree of slope, and impervious surfaces affect on-site wastewater treatment systems. It also discusses the effects each of these variables may have on a septic system, and the resulting impact a compromised system may have on the surrounding environment. This research focuses on an approximately 20 square mile area of central Washington Township in Marion County, Indiana. This area of central Indiana contains a large septic system owning population in a sampling of different environments such as wooded areas, hilly areas, and a variety of different soil types.