Browsing by Author "Bayliss, Amy J."

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    Achilles tendon material properties are greater in the jump leg of jumping athletes
    (ISMNI, 2016-06) Bayliss, Amy J.; Weatherholt, Alyssa M.; Crandall, Trent T.; Farmer, Danielle L.; McConnell, Jethro C.; Crossley, K. M.; Warden, Stuart J.; Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences
    Purpose: The Achilles tendon (AT) must adapt to meet changes in demands. This study explored AT adaptation by comparing properties within the jump and non-jump legs of jumping athletes. Non-jumping control athletes were included to control limb dominance effects. Methods: AT properties were assessed in the preferred (jump) and non-preferred (lead) jumping legs of male collegiate-level long and/or high jump (jumpers; n=10) and cross-country (controls; n=10) athletes. Cross-sectional area (CSA), elongation, and force during isometric contractions were used to estimate the morphological, mechanical and material properties of the ATs bilaterally. Results: Jumpers exposed their ATs to more force and stress than controls (all p≤0.03). AT force and stress were also greater in the jump leg of both jumpers and controls than in the lead leg (all p<0.05). Jumpers had 17.8% greater AT stiffness and 24.4% greater Young’s modulus in their jump leg compared to lead leg (all p<0.05). There were no jump versus lead leg differences in AT stiffness or Young’s modulus within controls (all p>0.05). Conclusion: ATs chronically exposed to elevated mechanical loading were found to exhibit greater mechanical (stiffness) and material (Young’s modulus) properties.
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    THE IMPACT OF FIBROMYALGIA ON RESOURCE USE IN THE UK PRIMARY CARE SETTING
    (2008-10-10T18:19:38Z) Le, Trong Kim; Mac Kinnon, Joyce L.; Bayliss, Amy J.; Schellhase, Ellen
    Fibromyalgia (FMS) is a complex, chronic condition involving persistent and widespread pain of unknown origin. FMS is sometimes mistaken as psychiatric in origin; however, the precise origin and cause of FMS is unknown (Klippel et al., 1998). Worldwide prevalence rates range from 0.18-12%, with 0.18% in the United Kingdom (UK) (Hughes et al., 2006), 2% in the United States (US) (Wolfe et al., 1997), and 12% in Spain (Carmona et al., 2001). In the UK, there is debate over the existence of FMS (Bohr, 1995), and the reluctance of a general practitioner (GP) to diagnose conditions that are poorly defined (Hughes et al., 2006). Primary symptoms of FMS include generalized muscular pain, multiple tender points, sleep disruption and excessive fatigue. Additional symptoms include headaches, memory and concentration problems, dizziness, numbness/tingling, itching, fluid retention, abdominal cramps or pelvic pain and diarrhea (Hudson et al., 1992). Clearly, these symptoms may have an immense impact on daily life, limiting an individual’s functioning and emotional well-being. FMS is associated with significant societal and health care costs. Patients with FMS may repeatedly present to the general practitioner with various symptoms before a definitive diagnosis of FMS is made. As a result, general practitioners may be more likely to diagnose FMS in patients who frequently present with symptoms related to FMS, while patients who meet the diagnostic criteria but who rarely present at the practice may be missed (Ehrlich, 2003). The condition is of unknown etiology, and this, together with the lack of verifiable diagnostic criteria (i.e. lab tests), has led some to speculate that the disease does not or is at best a surrogate marker for underlying psychosocial problems. As such, the very process of diagnosing a patient with FMS may exacerbate symptoms and lead to increased dependence on health care providers (Ehrlich, 2003). This study examined the diagnoses of FMS made in “real-life” clinical practice and recorded by general practitioners in a large primary care population in the UK.
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    Successful treatment of a guitarist with a finger joint injury using instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization: a case report
    (Taylor & Francis, 2015-12) Loghmani, M. Terry; Bayliss, Amy J.; Clayton, Greg; Gundeck, Evelina; Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences
    Finger injuries are common and can greatly affect a musician's quality of life. A 55-year-old man, who had injured the proximal interphalangeal joint of the left index finger 6 months prior to any intervention, was treated with a manual therapy approach incorporating instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM). Initial examination findings included self-reported pain and functional limitations and physical impairments that significantly impeded his ability to play the acoustic guitar. He was treated once a week for 6 weeks with IASTM, joint mobilization, therapeutic exercise, and ice massage. Additionally, a home exercise program and self-care instructions were provided. The patient gained positive outcomes with improvements in pain (Numerical Pain Rating Scale while playing the guitar: initial 5/10, discharge 1/10) and function (Disability Arm Shoulder Hand Sports-Performing Arts Optional Module: initial 75; discharge 6·25), each reaching a minimum clinically important difference. Importantly, he was able to play the guitar with minimal to no pain as desired. Physical measures also improved, including an immediate gain in finger range of motion with IASTM alone. Manual therapy approaches integrating IASTM may provide an effective conservative treatment strategy for patients with finger/hand conditions in the performing arts and other patient populations.
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    ULTRASOUND IMAGING AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR MUSCLE, TENDON AND FASCIA PATHOLOGIES: AN EMERGING PHYSICAL THERAPY PRACTICE
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2012-04-13) White, Danielle; Bird, Chelsea; Bayliss, Amy J.; Loghmani, Terry M.
    Objective: Ultrasonography (US) is a front-runner for diagnostic imaging in musculoskeletal pathologies associated with muscle, tendon and fascia. The objective of this review was to systematically identify and summarize the literature on current trends of diagnostic ultrasonography in physical therapy. In addition, we expect to establish the merit, validity, and reliabil-ity of diagnostic ultrasonography. Method: A literature search was conducted using: PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, Thompson, EMBASE, OVID, CINAHL, and MEDLINE data-bases. Keywords that were used: diagnostic ultrasound, musculoskeletal conditions, rehabilitation, physical therapy. Findings: The current applications for US involving muscle, includes identifying superficial muscles, such as transversus abdominis and multifidus, to provide biofeedback for muscle re-education and measuring cross-sectional area to predict force generation. For tendons, US provides high-resolution images of inflammation, blood flow, and tendon width that assists in diagnosing pathologies such as Achilles tendonitis. US yields clear visualization of fascial thickness and is used to help determine potential eti-ology, confirm clinical diagnosis, and gauge the efficacy of intervention in plantar fasciitis. Research shows that the overall accuracy of US in musculoskeletal medi-cine is significantly similar to the gold standard of diagnostic imaging- MRI. Compared to MRI, US is safer, more convenient, less expensive, non-invasive, and dynamic. Limiting aspects of US include being restricted to su-perficial structures and a lack of minimum clinically important difference val-ues (MCID). Conclusion: Overall, there is a convincing body of evidence supporting the use of US in diagnosis and assessment of muscle, tendon and fascia conditions. Taking into consideration the surplus of clinical applications and advantages over other imaging tools, US is becoming a promising primary instrument for diagnosing and assessing musculoskeletal disorders in physi-cal rehabilitation. The results from this literature review will be used to sup-port the design of clinical trials investigating the effectiveness of manual therapy techniques.
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    Ultrasound imaging for measuring the material and mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon: inter-day reliability and correlation with a functional calf length test
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2014-04-11) Kowalinski, Natalie; Heckroth, Laura; Warden, Stuart J.; Bayliss, Amy J.
    Purpose/Hypothesis: The ability to objectively assess Achilles tendon length and mechanical properties can be challenging because other factors such as muscle and joint mechanics can complicate standard clinical tests. Ultrasound imaging has the ability to provide isolated objective measures of the material and mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon. The primary aim of this study was to assess the inter-day reliability of the material and mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon in a single rater. A secondary aim was to investigate whether there was any relationship between measured tendon properties and calf muscle length measured with a lunge test. Number of subjects: Ten Achilles tendons in 5 subjects (all subjects were 24 years old; 80% female). Material/Methods: Healthy subjects attended 2 identical measurement sessions, 2 days apart. Subjects were measured at the same time of day and were encouraged to perform the same pre-test activities. Immediately prior to the ultrasound imaging, functional calf length was measured in standing with a lunge test. Subjects were then positioned prone with the knee extended and ankle held at 0 degrees of dorsiflexion, and measurements of the resting tendon length and tendon cross-sectional area were obtained from static ultrasound images. Tendon elongation was measured during isometric dynamometry through imaging the proximal movement of the musculotendinous junction of the medial gastrocnemius. Tendon strain was measured at maximum isometric torque. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to determine the reliability of the ultrasound measures. The correlation between tendon properties and the lunge test were examined using a Pearson correlation coefficient, with the level of significance set at 0.05. Results: Reliability analysis demonstrated high inter-day test-retest reliability for resting Achilles tendon length (ICC = 0.95), cross-sectional area (ICC = 0.96) and strain (ICC = 0.95). Tendon elongation measured with ultrasound imaging during peak isometric force had good reliability (ICC = 0.81). A moderate correlation was found between resting tendon length and the lunge test on each day of testing; Day 1 (r=0.67, r2=0.45, p=0.034) and Day 2 (r=0.66, r2=0.44, p=0.038). Conclusion: Ultrasound imaging measurements of the material and mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon has good-to-high inter-day reliability in a single rater. It was also determined that Achilles tendon resting length accounted for ~45% of the variance in the lunge test, indicating other factors contribute to lunge test performance. The later may include talocrural and subtalar joint motion, and length of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Clinical relevance: Ultrasound imaging can be used as a reliable, safe and cost-effective tool to measure isolated Achilles tendon properties. This may allow future studies to explore intervention effects on the material and mechanical characteristics of the tendon.