IU Indianapolis ScholarWorks :: Browsing by Author "Barton, Paul"

Browsing by Author "Barton, Paul"

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A Study of Nasopharyngeal Airway Size and its Relationship to Maxillary Morphology and Position in Monozygotic Twins
(1983) Schmidt, Randall A.; Garner, LaForrest; Arbuckle, Gordon R.; Barton, Paul; Kafrawy, Abdel; Shanks, James C.
This investigation was undertaken to study possible relationships between the size of the nasopharyngeal airway space and the morphology of the growing face. With reduction of the nasopharyngeal airway space, mouth breathing often becomes necessary. If mouth breathing becomes the dominant form of respiration it is believed to cause morphologic alterations in the cranioskeleton, as in the so-called "adenoid facies" individual. This environmental alteration in facial growth pattern, in contrast to the facies derived from genetic predisposition, can be tested only by using a sampling of monozygotic (identical) twins. It is assumed that since both twins have identical growth determinants any variances in their facial morphology would be due to environmental factors. Thirty-five pairs of monozygotic twins were divided on the basis of having a significantly differing intrapair airway size or a similar intrapair airway size. Thus, the independent variable in this investigation was the airway size difference between identical twins in a pair. Seven parameters were chosen to identify any maxillary morphologic changes among twin pairs. From lateral cephalometric radiographs and study casts of the twin pairs, data were accumulated for statistical analysis. It was hypothesized that significant differences between the variances in the maxillary traits of the two groups would be related to the size differences of the airways used in dividing these groups. Lower facial heights and intermolar distances were significantly different between the two groups of twins. The findings of this investigation support the opinion that nasal obstruction is related to changes in the morphology of the maxilla. The relationship is such that with decreased nasopharyngeal airway size the lower facial height tends to increase and the maxillary intermolar widths decrease. No significant changes appear to occur concomitantly in the maxillary antero-posterior relationship to the cranial base, cant of the maxilla, maxillary incisor flaring, upper facial height, and posterior vertical height of the nasomaxillary complex.
A Study of the Effectiveness of Topical Fluoride Treatment Following the Removal of Direct Bonded Brackets
(1976) Short, Steven T.; Garner, LaForrest D.; Kasle, Myron J.; Cunningham, Donald M.; Shanks, James C., Jr.; Barton, Paul; Phillips, Ralph W.
In this investigation an attempt was made to determine what effect direct bonded attachments have on the posttreatment uptake of topically applied fluoride. Thirty-two freshly extracted mandibular central and lateral incisors were used. The teeth were cleaned, labeled and an adhesive tape window applied to the crown exposing a circular area one quarter inch in diameter on the labial surface. An initial enamel biopsy was performed to determine the fluoride content of the labial surface. Fifty percent phosphoric acid was applied for one minute to condition the teeth for bonding. A polycarbonate orthodontic bracket was then bonded with Sevriton resin and each tooth was stored for one week in water. After storage, the brackets were then removed and residual resin was cleaned off with a dental scaler. Half of the teeth were pumiced with flour of pumice for ten seconds. The teeth were observed microscopically to determine the condition of the labial surface. A 2% solution of sodium fluoride was applied to the teeth for eight minutes and the samples were then individually stored in water for one week. An enamel biopsy was performed and analyzed for fluoride, calcium, and phosphorus. A great deal of fluoride was taken up by the enamel surface on all the specimens. It was found that pumicing the teeth prior to the application of topical fluoride results in a significantly greater uptake of fluoride by the enamel surface. The results of this investigation indicate that a pumice wash following bracket removal facilitates a greater and more uniform uptake of topically applied fluoride on the surface of the teeth.
A Study of Tooth Rotation in the Macque Speciosa Monkey
(1970) Scott, Harry Eugene, Jr.; Barton, Paul; Cunningham, Donald M.; Standish, Miles S.; Jordan, David R.
This study was undertaken to observe the effect of light, medium, and heavy couples on multirooted teeth of three young male Macaque speciosa monkeys. Three forces of 82 gm.-mm, 245 gm.-mm, and 2280 gm.-mm. were generated from closed-coil springs for a period of 42 days. The rate of tooth movement varied among all three forces, with the average rates being similar when comparing the three forces over the 42-day period. All three forces produced an initial, lag, and post-lag phase of tooth movement. The center of rotation of the three-rooted tooth appeared to be close to the lingual root while in the two-rooted tooth the center of rotation was close to the center of the tooth. Hyalinization and root resorption were seen with all forces and increased with increased force. Hyalinization and root resorption were more severe in the smaller diverging apical portion than in the cervical portion of the roots.
An Analysis of the Fatigue Resistance of Beta Titanium and the Effect of Spot-Welding Upon the Fatigue Resistance of this Alloy
(1984) Wong, Michael B.; Garner, LaForrest; Baldwin, James; Moore, Keith; Barton, Paul; Shanks, James
This investigation was designed to establish a fatigue curve for beta titanium, determine the effect of spot-welding upon the fatigue resistance of this alloy, and provide qualitative observations about surface characteristics of different batches of TMA in relation to their fatigue lives. Rectangular .016" x .022" 1MA was evaluated. Twelve specimens in each group were tested, making the total sample size 108. The wire samples were evaluated using a cantilever bend test in which specimens were stressed cyclically at varying deflections. Two welded groups were also tested. An auxiliary .016" x .022" TMA was welded to a main test segment of TMA with the .016" side against the opposing .016" side. The weld overlap varied at 25% for one group and 50% for the other. These specimens were stressed at the area adjacent to the weld. One specimen from each group was viewed under the scanning electron microscope to evaluate the fractured area. Specimens from three different batches of 1MA were tested and their fatigue lives compared at .625 inch deflection. One specimen from each batch was viewed under the scanning electron microscope to evaluate its surface structure. A fatigue curve for TMA was plotted from the data. At .625 inch deflection, welding an auxiliary onto the main segment significantly decreased the fatigue resistance of the wire. However, both welded groups had comparable fatigue lives. These wire specimens fractured at some point adjacent to the welded site. Fatigue resistance differed significantly between one batch of TMA and the other two. The scanning electron micrographs of representative specimens from each batch seemed to indicate that the fatigue resistance of each batch was inversely related to its surface roughness.
An Investigation of Dental Arch Form in a Sample of Malocclusions
(1975) Page, Robert M.; Garner, LaForrest D.; Shanks, James C., Jr.; Dirlam, James H.; Potter, Rosario H.; Barton, Paul
The objective of this study was to investigate the geometric arch forms found in a sample of malocclusions. The specific objectives were to determine if there was a basic geometric arch form which described all of the sample, to identify the typical arch form in each of the classes of malocclusion, and to determine if there was a statistical difference in form among the various classes in each arch. A sample of 99 maxillary and mandibular plaster casts were collected from the Department of Orthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, and classified according to Angle's classification of malocclusion. Occlusograms were taken of all casts. The center of incisal edges, cusp tips of cuspids and bicuspids, and bifurcation of molars were marked and traced on acetate tracing paper from the occlusogram). A straight line was drawn between these points giving the final dental arch form. A coordinate· system was established on each arch form which allowed the classification of the arch form by Hayashi's method 60. The results showed that no basic arch form described the sample. The average arch form for each classification of malocclusion varied between classes and between arches. Statistically, maxillary arch form of the Class II division 2 differed significantly from maxillary Class I, Class II division 1, and Class III malocclusions. Class II division 2 mandibular arch form differed significantly only from the mandibular Class I malocclusion.
Analysis of orthodontic treatment by pediatric dentists and general practitioners in Indiana
(1986) Koroluk, Lorne D.; Avery, David R.; Hennon, David Kent, 1933-; Jones, James E. (James Earl), 1950-; Barton, Paul; Kasle, Myron J.
Orthodontic treatment being provided by pediatric dentists and general practitioners in Indiana was investigated. A two page questionnaire constructed by the investigator was used to gather the data. The study sample consisted of 571 dentists. All 71 Indiana pediatric dentists primarily in private practice were surveyed. General practitioners (500) were chosen on the basis of age, year of graduation from dental school, geographic location and size of community in which they practiced. Seventy-eight percent of the questionnaires were returned; of this total, 93 percent of the pediatric dentists and 77 percent of the general practitioners responded. The study showed that currently in Indiana 62 percent of the pediatric dentists and 17.9 percent of the general practitioners surveyed provided comprehensive orthodontic treatment. These results are much higher than results of previous surveys of pediatric dentists and general practitioners. The study also found that pediatric dentists provide significantly more comprehensive orthodontic treatment and spend significantly more time providing orthodontic treatment than do general practitioners. Age of practitioner was found not to significantly affect the percentage of time spent providing orthodontic treatment, the orthodontic conditions treated or the type of appliances and techniques used. Population of the community in which the practice was located did have a significant effect. Practitioners in communities of over 100,000 provided significantly less comprehensive orthodontic treatment. Practitioners who practiced in communities of 5,000-25,000 spent significantly more time providing orthodontic services. Sixty-three percent of the practitioners surveyed had taken some type of continuing education course in orthodontics. An overwhelming majority of practitioners (over 90 percent) stated that their undergraduate orthodontic training in dental school inadequately prepared them for private practice. The majority of pediatric dentists (78 percent) also stated that their postgraduate education instruction in orthodontics was inadequate.
The Analysis of Three Space Closing Assemblies
(1976) Cook, Thomas Bowers; Garner, LaForrest D.; Shanks, James C.; Potter, Rosario H.; Dirlam, James H.; Barton, Paul
This investigation compared the spring characteristics of three space closing assemblies; the classic "Bull" loop and two new spring designs currently being used in the Department of Orthodontics at Indiana University. Using interbracket distance and the degree of gable preactivation as variables, a complete laboratory analysis was carried out on each spring design. A total of two hundred springs were tested. A statistical investigation was conducted to determine if the spring designs had significantly different load-deflection rates, moment to force ratios, and range of activation. The range of activation for all three spring designs was large enough to be of some minor importance in determining the difference in efficiency of each design. However, when the load-deflection rates and moment to force ratios of the "Bull" loop and the two new spring designs were compared, the new spring designs invariably proved to be superior. From this laboratory study, it was concluded that the two new spring designs have the potential of providing a more efficient method of orthodontic space closure.
Attachment of Anterior Tooth Fragments
(1985) Dean, Jeffrey A.; Swartz, Marjorie L.; Avery, David; Barton, Paul; Klein, Arthur; Phillips, Ralph
This investigation examined the relationships of preparation and resin material types in the reattachment of fractured anterior tooth fragments. A total of 44 extracted maxillary central incisors were tested. Statistical analysis revealed that no-handpiece preparation was as retentive as a 45° circumferential bevel (p <.01). In addition, the light-cured resin proved as retentive as did the chemically-cured resin (p<.01). Also examined was the effect of the initial fracture angle on retention of the fragment after reluting. Teeth fractured with an angle sloping cervically in a lingual-to-facial direction when viewed proximally were more retentive than other types of fractures when subjected to a lingually directed force from the labial (p L.OS).
The attitudes of dentists in Indiana toward the treatment of patients with cerebral palsy
(1977) Wickliffe, Thomas James, 1946-; Gish, Charles W., 1923-; Koerber, Leonard G.; Roche, James R., 1924-; Starkey, Paul E.; Barton, Paul
The attitudes of Indiana dentists toward the treatment of cerebral palsied patients were investigated. A two-page questionnaire constructed by the investigator was used. A sample of 506 dentists were selected: 402 general practitioners chosen on the basis of year of graduation, location and community size; and 104 specialists chosen on the basis of geographic location and type of practice. All of the practicing specialties were represented. Eighty percent of the questionnaires were returned, including 75 percent of general practitioners and 97 percent of specialists. The first hypothesis, that general practitioners are reluctant to treat cerebral palsied patients, was disproved. Forty-eight percent of the general practitioners had treated one or more such patients in the past year and 84 percent indicated willingness to treat these patients. The general practitioners cited a lack of proper equipment and a feeling of apprehension as problems. The second hypothesis, that the general practitioner in a community of less than 2,500 is more reluctant to treat cerebral palsied patients than those in a larger city, was also disproved. No statistically significant difference was found based on community size. The third hypothesis, that the general practitioner who has graduated from dental school within the last 10 years is less reluctant to treat these patients than earlier graduates, was also disproved. No statistically significant difference was found between these groups. The fourth hypothesis, that the general practitioner feels that he did not receive adequate education concerning treatment of these patients and is willing to acquire more knowledge, was verified. The fifth hypothesis, that the specialist is less reluctant to treat patients with cerebral palsy than is the general practitioners was verified. Nearly 90 per cent of the specialists indicated a willingness to treat patients with cerebral palsy.
Changes of the Nasolabial Angle Due to Orthodontic Treatment and Facial Growth
(1987) Sessions, Jeffrey D.; Garner, LaForrest; Miller, James; Nelson, Charles; Shanks, James; Barton, Paul
This study addressed the quantitative changes of the Nasolabial angle, lip retraction and columellar changes due to treatment with concomitant growth. Sixty initial and final lateral headplates were examined on prepubertal children who underwent comprehensive orthodontic treatment. The angular changes in the Nasolabial angle (△NLA), Labial angle (△A) and Nasal angle (△B) were measured along with the horizontal (△H) and vertical (△V) linear changes of maxillary central incisor. Each of these five measurement changes was tested for the effects of extraction and gender. Correlations were drawn between the △NLA: △AH, △NLA: △V, NLA: △A, △NLA: △B, and △A: △H. Analysis of variance showed that extraction therapy exhibited a larger treatment change than non-extraction therapy for the NLA and upper lip, with the NLA increasing in magnitude and the Labial angle showing upper lip retraction. There was also a sex difference for the treatment change in the lower border of the nose. The only high correlation found was between the opening of the NLA and the retraction of the upper lip (NLA: △A gave r = -0.84). The other correlations were significant but low. These findings could aid in orthodontic treatment planning when changes in the upper lip and NLA will affect the facial esthetics.

Browsing by Author "Barton, Paul"

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