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Browsing by Author "Barrows, Robert G. (Robert Graham), 1946-"
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Item Barred Progress: Indiana Prison Reform, 1880-1920(2008) Clark, Perry R.; Barrows, Robert G. (Robert Graham), 1946-; Coleman, Annie Gilbert; Kelly, Jason M.On January 9, 1821, the Indiana General Assembly passed a bill authorizing the construction of the state’s first prison. Within a century, Indiana’s prison system would transform from a small structure in Jeffersonville holding less than twenty inmates into a multi-institutional network holding thousands. Within that transition, ideas concerning the treatment of criminals shifted significantly from a penology focused on punishment, hard labor, and low cost, to a one based on social science, skill-building, education, and public funding. These new ideas were not always sound, however, and often the implementation of those ideas was either distorted or incomplete. In any case, by the second decade of the twentieth century, Indiana’s prisons had developed into the large, organized, highly-regulated—yet very imperfect—system that it is today. This study focuses on the most intense period of organization and reform during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.Item Defining community need through the lens of the elite : a history of the Indianapolis Foundation and its funding of the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra, 1893-1984(2012-11-16) Hardy, Marc Alan; Robbins, Kevin C.; Gladish, Kenneth L.; Craig, David M.; Barrows, Robert G. (Robert Graham), 1946-This history investigates the beginnings of community foundations in general and the creation of the Indianapolis Foundation specifically and its eventual funding of the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra. My findings reveal that, contrary to previous histories that have been written, the creation of community foundations was not driven by benevolence but by changes in federal and state banking laws starting in 1913 that allowed banks to have trust departments that broke the monopoly that trust companies had long enjoyed. In response, trust company executives chartered community trusts to publicly position themselves as benevolent, community-minded businessmen. This distinguished them as trustworthy compared to the greedy bankers of the day, which helped trust companies gain trust customers. Community trusts were responsible for identifying and disbursing funds to deserving beneficiaries, thereby relieving trust companies of a costly and time consuming burden. Even more important, the trust companies retained control over the community trusts by appointing surrogate board members. In addition, none of the trust companies that chartered the Indianapolis Foundation donated their own money, yet appeared charitable. All of these factors made community foundations a very lucrative arrangement. Funding the areas of arts and culture was not designated in the Indianapolis Foundation’s original purpose statement, yet the Indiana State Symphony Society was funded at the height of the Great Depression while many Indianapolis citizens went hungry. The love of music played a very small part in efforts by the wealthy elite to garner support from the Indianapolis Foundation for the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra. The public justifications for funding the symphony began with giving psychological relief to the citizens of Indianapolis from the pressures of the Great Depression, to the need of employment for musicians, then the importance of musical education of children, expanding to the importance of the symphony to the city’s reputation, and finally, in the 1980s, the symphony as a community asset that helped rejuvenate downtown Indianapolis. However, the real reason for funding was that the wealthy elite wanted the symphony to use as a flattering cultural institution that would elevate their social status and attract fellow elites and businesses to Indianapolis.Item Employers' Liability Law and the Indiana Railroads, 1880-1915(2002) Hutchinson, Heather; Monroe, Elizabeth Brand, 1947-; Barrows, Robert G. (Robert Graham), 1946-; Coleman, Annie GilbertItem Ethnicity in a Rural Midwestern Community: Switzerland County, Indiana in the Twentieth Century(1995) Duvall, Jeffery A.; Shipps, Jan B.; Barrows, Robert G. (Robert Graham), 1946-; Jessner, Sabine; Taylor, Robert M., JrItem "Fearless Rest and Hopeful Work": The Arts and Crafts Movement in Indianapolis, 1890-1925(2005) Hudziak, Candace Suzanne; Barrows, Robert G. (Robert Graham), 1946-; Scarpino, Philip V.; Snodgrass, Michael; Stanis, Suzanne R.Item Forming a Japanese American Community in Indiana, 1941-1990(2005) Conner, Nancy Nakano; Barrows, Robert G. (Robert Graham), 1946-; Scarpino, Philip V.; Zhang, XinItem The Founding of Sanborn Mills in Pre-Revolutionary New Hampshire(2005) Pate, Linda L.; Scarpino, Philip V.; Barrows, Robert G. (Robert Graham), 1946-; Saak, Eric L.Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Item Hemp vs. Marijuana: The Federal Battle to Control the Meaning of Cannabis(2011) Torrella, Carrie Lynn; Snodgrass, Michael; Barrows, Robert G. (Robert Graham), 1946-; Robertson, Nancy Marie, 1956-The "War on Drugs" is the most expensive effort to control the personal behavior of American citizens. This study is an effort to analyze the battle over the meaning of cannabis. This "war" has waged on for the majority of the twentieth century and beyond. The federal government has utilized a variety of weapons in the "war" including most notably media. The government has succeeded in altering the definition of cannabis from hemp to marijuana.Item Hoosiers, Timber, and Conservation: The Timber Industry's Role in Indiana's Conservation Movement, 1890 to 1920(1997) Benac, David; Scarpino, Philip V.; Barrows, Robert G. (Robert Graham), 1946-; Riesterer, Berhold P.Item Hysteria on the Hardwood: A Narrative History of Community, Race, and Indiana's "Basketbrawl" Tradition(2012) Eskew, Kelly R.; Morgan, Anita J.; Barrows, Robert G. (Robert Graham), 1946-; Coleman, Annie GilbertIn 1964, Muncie Central High School got the “death penalty” at the hands of the Indiana High School Athletic Association’s (IHSAA) new commissioner, Phil N. Eskew, after post-game brawling at a boys basketball game led to a broader investigation of the entire program. In the closing moments of the game, a Muncie Central opponent was bloodied by an inbound pass to the face and fans erupted in violence, swarming the floor. The ensuing investigation revealed racial tensions, issues of sexual mores, political discord, and deep problems in the web of interrelationships that make up the phenomenon of Hoosier Hysteria. After a closed-door hearing and two days of deliberations, Eskew and the IHSAA Board of Control announced their decision, and the punishment prescribed made front page headlines across the state and beyond.