IU Indianapolis ScholarWorks :: Browsing by Author "Avery, David R."

Browsing by Author "Avery, David R."

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Analysis of orthodontic treatment by pediatric dentists and general practitioners in Indiana
(1986) Koroluk, Lorne D.; Avery, David R.; Hennon, David Kent, 1933-; Jones, James E. (James Earl), 1950-; Barton, Paul; Kasle, Myron J.
Orthodontic treatment being provided by pediatric dentists and general practitioners in Indiana was investigated. A two page questionnaire constructed by the investigator was used to gather the data. The study sample consisted of 571 dentists. All 71 Indiana pediatric dentists primarily in private practice were surveyed. General practitioners (500) were chosen on the basis of age, year of graduation from dental school, geographic location and size of community in which they practiced. Seventy-eight percent of the questionnaires were returned; of this total, 93 percent of the pediatric dentists and 77 percent of the general practitioners responded. The study showed that currently in Indiana 62 percent of the pediatric dentists and 17.9 percent of the general practitioners surveyed provided comprehensive orthodontic treatment. These results are much higher than results of previous surveys of pediatric dentists and general practitioners. The study also found that pediatric dentists provide significantly more comprehensive orthodontic treatment and spend significantly more time providing orthodontic treatment than do general practitioners. Age of practitioner was found not to significantly affect the percentage of time spent providing orthodontic treatment, the orthodontic conditions treated or the type of appliances and techniques used. Population of the community in which the practice was located did have a significant effect. Practitioners in communities of over 100,000 provided significantly less comprehensive orthodontic treatment. Practitioners who practiced in communities of 5,000-25,000 spent significantly more time providing orthodontic services. Sixty-three percent of the practitioners surveyed had taken some type of continuing education course in orthodontics. An overwhelming majority of practitioners (over 90 percent) stated that their undergraduate orthodontic training in dental school inadequately prepared them for private practice. The majority of pediatric dentists (78 percent) also stated that their postgraduate education instruction in orthodontics was inadequate.
Binding of oral veillonella species to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite
(1993) Wu, Sonya L.; Hughes, Christopher V.; Gregory, Richard L.; Sanders, Brian J.; Bowman, Dennis E.; Avery, David R.
Veillonella spp. are found in high numbers in the mouth in dental plaque and on the mucosa. Veillonellae utilize lactic acid for their metabolic needs. A symbiotic relationship between Veillonellae and other oral bacteria, including a nutritional relationship with some streptococci, has been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, Veillonellae may protect the host from dental caries. Adherence is the initial step in bacterial colonization of oral surfaces. Recent evidence suggests that certain oral bacteria express molecules (adhesins) on their cell surface, which recognize receptors on other oral bacteria and/or in salivary pellicle. It has been previously demonstrated that Veillonella spp. bind avidly to Streptococcus. spp. found in subgingival plaque. The present study investigated the ability of V. atypica PK1910 to bind to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (SHA), a model for adherence to the salivary pellicle. The results show that there was statistically significant enhanced binding of Veillonella atypica PK1910 to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads. (p< 0.05) Three classes of coaggregation-defective mutants of V. atypica PK1910 were tested for their ability to bind to SHA. Interestingly, they did not demonstrate any enhanced binding to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads. Heating of PK1910 did not effect binding to SHA. In contrast, protease treatment of the veillonella cell surface inactivated binding. Therefore, it appears that V. atypica PK1910, in addition to binding to oral Streptoccoccus spp. in dental plaque, may also colonize the tooth surface by binding directly to the salivary pellicle. It appears that a distinct heat stable protein may mediate this binding to SHA.
Cephalometric Similarity Among Parents of Individuals with Sporadic Isolated Cleft Palate : Is There Evidence for an Inherited Predisposition?
(1999) Sammons, Edward M.; Ward, Richard E.; Hartsfield, James K., Jr.; Avery, David R.; Hathaway, Ronald R.; Garetto, Lawrence P.
Isolated cleft palate is one of the most frequent congenital conditions that affect the oral and facial structures, yet its etiology remains obscure. Previous studies of both cleft palate (CP) and cleft lip and/ or palate [CL(P)] have shown that there may be unusual facial characteristics among the parents of such sporadic cases. Such findings have been used to support the possibility that there are predisposing familial (genetic) factors for both conditions. However, previous studies have generally not controlled for the possibility of genetic heterogeneity or for different contributions from each of the parents. The objective of this study is to examine parents of individuals with CP in order to test the hypothesis that these "non cleft" individuals have abnormal facial structures. Lateral (LA) and Posterior-Anterior (PA) cephalograms were examined from thirty parents of fifteen individuals with sporadic CP. Seventeen LA and twenty-five PA variables were obtained on each subject and converted to standardized "z-scores" through comparison to published age and sex matched reference data. Multivariate cluster analysis was used to define groupings of individuals who shared similar patterns of facial features. Results demonstrate that as a group, relatives of CP individuals show significantly different patterns of facial measurements compared to reference norms. Values significantly larger (p < 0.05) from parental data included: ANS-Me, PNS-ANS, S-N-Pg, Ar-Go-Me, MoL-MoR, NSR-NCR. Values significantly smaller (p < 0.05) from parents included: N-ANS, S-Ba, PNS-ANS / N-ANS, PNS-ANS/ N-Pg, N-S-Ba, ZyLZyR, GoL-GoR, GoNL-GoNR, CRO-CNS, CNS-SD, CNS-Me, ID-Me, MxR-ZyR, MeGoR. These findings were not entirely consistent with those few previously reported findings. Additional analysis of the present data demonstrated that such inconsistencies may be due in part to the presence of distinct phenotypic subgroupings within the parental sample. Cluster analysis identified two such subgroups. Significant findings (p < 0.05) that were smaller for Cluster 1 relative to Cluster 2 included: N-Me, ANS-Me, S-Go, PNS-ANS, Ar-Go, CNS-SD, MxR-ZyR. Significant variables that were larger for Cluster 1 included: S-N-Pg. In addition, gender was significantly different across clusters with Cluster 1 containing 75 percent female individuals and Cluster 2 containing 67 percent male individuals. These results extend those reported in other studies by demonstrating that unusual facial patterns, when present are not uniformly distributed in parents of sporadic cases of CP. Phenotypic assessment in conjunction with multivariate analysis may help to identify families in which there is a significant heritable component for CP.
Cephalometric similarity among parents of individuals with sporadic isolated cleft palate: is there evidence for an inherited predisposition?
(1999) Sammons, Edward M.; Ward, Richard E.; Avery, David R.; Hathaway, Ronald R.; Garetto, Lawrence P.; Hartsfield, James K., Jr.
Isolated cleft palate is one of the most frequent congenital conditions that affect the oral and facial structures, yet its etiology remains obscure. Previous studies of both cleft palate (CP) and cleft lip and/ or palate [CL(P)] have shown that there may be unusual facial characteristics among the parents of such sporadic cases. Such findings have been used to support the possibility that there are predisposing familial (genetic) factors for both conditions. However, previous studies have generally not controlled for the possibility of genetic heterogeneity or for different contributions from each of the parents. The objective of this study is to examine parents of individuals with CP in order to test the hypothesis that these "non cleft" individuals have abnormal facial structures. Lateral (LA) and Posterior-Anterior (PA) cephalograms were examined from thirty parents of fifteen individuals with sporadic CP. Seventeen LA and twenty-five PA variables were obtained on each subject and converted to standardized "z-scores" through comparison to published age and sex matched reference data. Multivariate cluster analysis was used to define groupings of individuals who shared similar patterns of facial features. Results demonstrate that as a group, relatives of CP individuals show significantly different patterns of facial measurements compared to reference norms. Values significantly larger (p < 0.05) fro1n parental data included: ANS-Me, PNS-ANS, S-N-Pg, Ar-Go-Me, MoL-MoR, NSR-NCR. Values significantly smaller (p < 0.05) from parents included: N-ANS, S-Ba, PNS-ANS/ N-ANS, PNS-ANS/ N-Pg, N-S-Ba, ZyL-ZyR, GoL-GoR, GoNL-GoNR, CRO-CNS, CNS-SD, CNS-Me, ID-Me, MxR-ZyR, Me-GoR. These findings were not entirely consistent with those few previously reported findings. Additional analysis of the present data demonstrated that such inconsistencies may be due in part to the presence of distinct phenotypic sub groupings within the parental sample. Cluster analysis identified two such subgroups. Significant findings (p < 0.05) that were smaller for Cluster 1 relative to Cluster 2 included: N-Me, ANS-Me, S-Go, PNS-ANS, Ar-Go, CNS-SD, MxR-ZyR. Significant variables that were larger for Cluster 1 included: S-N-Pg. In addition, gender was significantly different across clusters with Cluster 1 containing 75 percent female individuals and Cluster 2 containing 67 percent male individuals. These results extend those reported in other studies by demonstrating that unusual facial patterns, when present are not uniformly distributed in parents of sporadic cases of CP. Phenotypic assessment in conjunction with multivariate analysis may help to identify families in which there is a significant heritable component for CP.
A clinical evaluation of the effect of polishing procedures on the marginal breakdown of two dental amalgams
(1977) Adams, George Austin, 1949-; Koerber, Leonard G.; Avery, David R.; Barton, Paul; Osborne, John William, 1939-
The investigation was undertaken to determine the effects of the polishing and finishing of dental amalgam in relation to its marginal breakdown. The study was also conducted to make a clinical comparison of the marginal integrity of Dispersalloy restorations as compared to Twentieth Century Fine Cut Alloy restorations in both the polished and unpolished state. Forty patients with a total of 131 Class I amalgam restorations were used as the study group. The two alloy systems and polish or unpolish techniques were selected from a random table. Photographic evaluation of the restorations was used to judge the degree of marginal breakdown. The results of the study at the one-year evaluation show two main findings: (1) the Dispersalloy restorations showed less marginal breakdown than the Twentieth Century Fine Cut Alloy restorations, and (2) there was no significant difference between the polished and unpolished restorations overall.
A clinical study of sealants polymerized with two different light sources
(2004) White, Marcia Stoddart; Avery, David R.; Platt, Jeffrey A., 1958-; Moore, B. Keith; Weddell, James A. (James Arthur), 1949-; Sanders, Brian J.; Matis, Bruce A.
This clinical study investigated the efficacy of the new LED LCU technology when compared to that of the QTH LCU by evaluating retention and wear of Clinpro (3M ESPE) sealant material over six months of function. This study was designed as a split mouth, randomized clinical study. Sealants were placed and polymerized on contralateral teeth of 35 patients, 33 of which successfully completed the study. The sealants were evaluated for clinical retention at baseline, three months, and six months by two evaluators. For the wear analysis, the area of the sealant wear at six months is reported. Nine pairs of molars and 22 pairs of premolar teeth were used. This sample size is smaller than the original sample used for clinical evaluation, because a number of the baseline impressions had to be discarded due to poor impression quality. Subsequent impressions were taken at three months, and six months. Epoxy replicas were made from the impressions and the occlusal surface of each replica was digitized using SigmaScan software. A cummulative legit model was applied to the clinical data, and a linear model was applied to the wear analysis. The results for clinical retention over the six months of function were as follows. At Baseline, for the QTH, 97.3 percent of the teeth received an Alpha score; 2.7 percent received a score of B. For the LED, 87.7 percent received a score of A; 12.3 percent received a score of B. At three months follow-up, for the QTH, 93.1 percent received a score of A; 6.9 percent received a score of B. For the LED, 86.1 percent received a score of A; 12.5 percent received a score of B, and 1.14 percent received a score of C. At six months follow-up, for QTH; 91.7 percent received a score of A; 8.3 percent received a score of B. For the LED, 83.3 percent received a score of A; 15.3 percent received a score of B, and 1.14 percent received a score of C. The hypothesis was that there would be no significant difference in clinical retention and wear of Clinpro's sealant polymerized with the QTH or the LED light sources over six months of function. Based on the results of this clinical study, the following conclusions can be made: 1) At baseline, Clinpro's sealant polymerized with QTH light source showed marginally significant better retention than LED light source (p-value 0.05001). 2) There was no significant difference between light sources for sealant clinical retention at three-month and six-month follow up visits. 3) Wear analysis resulted in marginally significant more wear for molar sealants polymerized with LED LCU (p-value 0.0755). 4) Wear analysis showed no significant difference for premolar sealants polymerized with either light source.
Comparison of electrosurgical and formocresol pulpotomy procedures
(1997) Fulkerson, Bradley Todd; Dean, Jeffrey A.; Sanders, Brian J.; Zunt, Susan L., 1951-; Legan, Joseph E.; Avery, David R.
Formocresol is the most commonly used pharmacologic pulpotomy agent. Concerns over its safety have led investigators to search for new pulpotomy medicaments. This study compared the electrosurgical pulpotomy with the formocresol pulpotomy in teeth requiring pulp therapy after carious involvement. There were 25 pulpotomies performed in each group. The teeth were evaluated for clinical and radiographic success after at least six months. In the electrosurgical group, the clinical and radiographic success rates were 96 percent and 84 percent, respectively. The age range at the time of treatment was 26 to 97 months, with a mean treatment age of 63.6 months. The postoperative observation time range was six to 31 months, with the mean being 10.9 months. In the formocresol group, the clinical and radiographic success rates were 100 percent and 92 percent, respectively. The age range at the time of treatment was 32 to 126 months, with a mean treatment age of 68.2 months. The postoperative observation time ranged from five to 25 months, with the mean being 11.5 months. The electrosurgical and forrnocresol groups were compared for differences in the percentage of successes by using a Fisher's Exact test. There were no statistical differences between the two groups at the p < 0.05 level. Therefore, this study failed to demonstrate a statistically significant difference in the success rate between the electrosurgical and formocresol pulpotomy techniques and supports the use of the electrosurgical pulpotomy as a viable and safe alternative to formocresol.
Comparison of Electrosurgical and Formocresol Pulpotomy Procedures
(1997) Fulkerson, Bradley Todd; Dean, Jeffrey A.; Avery, David R.; Sanders, Brian J.; Zunt, Susan L.; Legan, Joseph E.
Formocresol is the most commonly used pharmacologic pulpotomy agent. Concerns over its safety have led investigators to search for new pulpotomy medicaments. This study compared the electrosurgical pulpotomy with the formocresol pulpotomy in teeth requiring pulp therapy after carious involvement. There were 25 pulpotomies performed in each group. The teeth were evaluated for clinical and radiographic success after at least six months. In the electrosurgical group, the clinical and radiographic success rates were 96 percent and 84 percent, respectively. The age range at the time of treatment was 26 to 97 months, with a mean treatment age of 63.6 months. The postoperative observation time range was six to 31 months, with the mean being 10.9 months. In the formocresol group, the clinical and radiographic success rates were 100 percent and 92 percent, respectively. The age range at the time of treatment was 32 to 126 months, with a mean treatment age of 68.2 months. The postoperative observation time ranged from five to 25 months, with the mean being 11.5 months. The electrosurgical and formocresol groups were compared for differences in the percentage of successes by using a Fisher's Exact test. There were no statistical differences between the two groups at the p < 0.05 level. Therefore, this study failed to demonstrate a statistically significant difference in the success rate between the electrosurgical and formocresol pulpotomy techniques and supports the use of the electrosurgical pulpotomy as a viable and safe alternative to formocresol.
A comparison of hardness and abrasion resistance of two sealant materials after polymerization from different distances by different light sources
(2008) Ritchie, Craig D.; Dean, Jeffrey A.; Avery, David R.; Sanders, Brian J.; Weddell, James A. (James Arthur), 1949-; Platt, Jeffrey A., 1958-; Tomlin, Angela; Moore, B. Keith
BACKGROUND The efficacy of sealants to aid in the prevention of pit and fissure caries is well documented. In order for the sealants to be effective, they must be placed properly and retained for as long as possible. Clinicians must be aware that the proper placement of sealants is technique-sensitive and must be well controlled in order to achieve the best results. This study aims to determine if certain variables have an effect on curing of the sealant material to a degree that would compromise its integrity, strength, and longevity. METHODS AND MATERIALS Two commonly used sealant materials Ultraseal XT (Ultradent Products Inc., South Jordan, UT) and Delton (Dentsply International, Woodbridge, Ontario, Canada) were chosen and tested for microhardness and abrasion resistance after they were polymerized. This study did not focus on the materials themselves, but rather the technique by which they were polymerized and what effect this had on the materials. Three separate light sources, a traditional halogen light (QHL 75, Dentsply International, Woodbridge, Ontario, Canada), and two newer LED lights (Ultralume LED, Ultradent Products Inc., South Jordan, UT; and 3M Freelight LED, 3M Corp, St Paul, MN) were used in this study. The materials were then cured with each light at each of three different distances: contact (0.5 mm), 2 mm, and 10 mm. The effects of light source variation and distance from the material at the time of polymerization was then evaluated for any significance to sealant placement technique. Specimens were tested for each variable combination of sealant material, light source, and distance between the two while curing. Six samples were tested for each variable grouping for abrasion resistance, and four separate san1ples were tested fron1 the san1e grouping for Knoop hardness. The results were analyzed for significance to determine if certain techniques are or could be beneficial or damaging to the quality of care provided by today's practitioners. RESULTS It was found that materials and light sources varied in combination and with different techniques (e.g., distance). In general, the top surface polymerized best when cured at a distance of 2 mm to 10 mm, while the bottom surface polymerized best at a distance of 0.5 mm. The halogen light consistently outperformed the two LED lights, with the 3M LED consistently producing the worst results. CONCLUSIONS The halogen curing light used in this study outperformed the LED lights in almost every category, despite the LED light manufacturer's claims of equality. For more reliable polymerization, the halogen light should be used. SIGNIFICANCE The practitioner must be aware of the material that he/she is using and how the chosen light source polymerizes that material. Manufacturers' claims and recommendations cannot be trusted to accurately produce the best results with every product on the market today, sometimes not even with the manufacturers' own products. It is crucial for practitioners to be well versed and knowledgeable about the products that they use, based on current research and not manufacturers' claims.
A comparison of IgA antibody levels in caries-resistant and caries-susceptible children
(1993) Rose, Paul Todd; Hughes, Christopher V.; Avery, David R.; Sanders, Brian J.; Branca, Ronald A.; Gregory, Richard L.
Secretory immunity is believed to play a role in natural resistance to dental caries. Although dental caries has dramatically decreased in children in the United States, there remains a population of caries-susceptible children even in fluoridated communities. Previous studies have shown a positive correlation between salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA) antibody levels to Streptococcus mutans and caries resistance in adults. In the present study, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to compare IgA antibody levels to S. mutans in saliva from 20 caries susceptible (DMFS greater than 5) and 20 caries-resistant (DMFS less than or equal to 1) children (ages 7-11). All subjects resided in fluoridated communities. Salivary S. mutans numbers were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the caries susceptible (31.2 percent of total streptococci) group than in the caries resistant (1.6 percent of total streptococci) group. Whole saliva from caries-resistant children had significantly higher (p = 0.05) levels of IgA antibodies to S. mutans than saliva from caries-susceptible children. However, whole saliva from caries-resistant children had similar levels of IgA1 or IgA2 antibodies against S. mutans to saliva from caries-susceptible children. These results suggest that IgA antibody to S. mutans may play a role in natural protection from dental caries in children and confirm previous reports indicating a role for salivary IgA antibodies to S. mutans in mediation of caries.

Browsing by Author "Avery, David R."

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