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Browsing by Author "Arrington-Sanders, Renata"
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Item Parental Engagement in Consent Processes for Enrollment in Biomedical HIV Prevention Trials: Implications for Minor Adolescents' Willingness to Participate(Elsevier, 2023) Knopf, Amelia; Burke Draucker, Claire; Fortenberry, J. Dennis; Ott, Mary A.; Arrington-Sanders, Renata; Reirden, Daniel; Schneider, John; Straub, Diane; Ofner, Susan; Bakoyannis, Giorgos; Zimet, Gregory; School of NursingPurpose: Minor adolescents are often excluded from HIV prevention clinical trials due to unresolved ethical issues. Their under-representation in research leads to delayed access to new HIV prevention approaches. We examine the relationship between consent procedures, trial features, demographic and social characteristics, and minor adolescents' willingness to participate (WTP) in biomedical HIV prevention research. Methods: We recruited 14-17-year-olds at risk of HIV for this quasi-experimental study. Adolescents were randomly assigned to (1) self-consent, (2) adult permission required, or (3) parental permission required and underwent simulated consent procedures for two types of HIV prevention trials. They rated likelihood of participating in each study if offered the opportunity and completed a survey with demographic, social, and behavioral measures. Results: One hundred and twenty nine adolescents with diverse identities and socioeconomic status enrolled. Among the 58% of participants who identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer (LGBTQ), 76% were out to at least one parent/guardian (outness). Mean WTP was 3.6 (of 5; 5 = definitely would participate) across all participants and both trial types. We found no evidence of an association between WTP and consent condition, LGBTQ identity, or outness. However, medical mistrust, communication with parents, and concern about HIV were associated with WTP. Discussion: Our results suggest adolescents are willing to participate in HIV prevention trials and parental involvement in the consent process may not be the most important deciding factor. However, variation in WTP within consent groups, and variation in other significant variables, underscores the need for individualized approaches to recruitment and consent for these trials.Item The role of sexually explicit material in the sexual development of same-sex-attracted Black adolescent males(Springer, 2015-04) Arrington-Sanders, Renata; Morgan, Anthony; Ogunbajo, Adedotun; Trent, Maria; Harper, Gary W.; Fortenberry, J. Dennis; Department of Medicine, IU School of MedicineSexually explicit material (SEM) (including Internet, video, and print) may play a key role in the lives of Black same-sex sexually active youth by providing the only information to learn about sexual development. There is limited school- and/or family-based sex education to serve as models for sexual behaviors for Black youth. We describe the role SEM plays in the sexual development of a sample of Black same-sex attracted (SSA) young adolescent males ages 15-19. Adolescents recruited from clinics, social networking sites, and through snowball sampling were invited to participate in a 90-min, semi-structured qualitative interview. Most participants described using SEM prior to their first same-sex sexual experience. Participants described using SEM primarily for sexual development, including learning about sexual organs and function, the mechanics of same-gender sex, and to negotiate one's sexual identity. Secondary functions were to determine readiness for sex; to learn about sexual performance, including understanding sexual roles and responsibilities (e.g., "top" or "bottom"); to introduce sexual performance scripts; and to develop models for how sex should feel (e.g., pleasure and pain). Youth also described engaging in sexual behaviors (including condom non-use and/or swallowing ejaculate) that were modeled on SEM. Comprehensive sexuality education programs should be designed to address the unmet needs of young, Black SSA men, with explicit focus on sexual roles and behaviors that may be inaccurately portrayed and/or involve sexual risk-taking (such as unprotected anal intercourse and swallowing ejaculate) in SEM. This work also calls for development of Internet-based HIV/STI prevention strategies targeting young Black SSA men who may be accessing SEM.Item Sexual Health Research With Young Black Men Who Have Sex With Men: Experiences of Benefits and Harms(Springer, 2017-05) Arrington-Sanders, Renata; Morgan, Anthony; Oidtman, Jessica; Dao, Thu (Ann); Moon, Margaret; Fortenberry, J. Dennis; Ott, Mary A.; Pediatrics, School of MedicineYoung Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) are often underrepresented in sexual health research because of concerns about safety, privacy, and the potential for research harms. Empirical data are needed to understand YBMSM experience of participating in research, benefits and harms (discomfort), to inform policy and regulatory decisions. Using qualitative methods, this article examines 50 YBMSM, aged 15-19 years, experiences of benefits/harms, challenges of participating in sexual health research, and contextual factors impacting research experiences. Participants were asked about benefits and harms experienced in answering questions about sexual orientation, first same-sex attraction, and same-sex sexual experiences after completing an in-depth interview. Interviews were transcribed and coded. Inductive open coding was used to identify themes within and between interviews. Participants were able to describe perceived direct benefits resulting from research interview participation, including awareness of risky sexual behaviors, a safe space to share early coming out stories and same-sex sexual experiences, and a sense of empowerment and comfort with one's sexual orientation. Indirect benefits described by participants included perceptions of helping others and the larger gay community. Few participants described harms (discomfort recalling experiences). Our data suggest that participating in qualitative sexual health research focused on sexual orientation, sexual attraction, and early same-sex sexual experiences may result in minimal harms for YBMSM and multiple benefits, including feeling more comfortable than in a general medical visit.