Browsing by Author "Ansari, Asif"

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    Hydralazine-associated antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody vasculitis with pulmonary-renal syndrome
    (BMJ, 2018-11-08) Aeddula, Narothama Reddy; Pathireddy, Samata; Ansari, Asif; Juran, Peter J.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Hydralazine, a vasodilator, is commonly used as an adjunctive treatment for moderate to severe hypertension, heart failure and hypertensive emergencies in pregnancy. Hydralazine-induced lupus was first described in 1953. Clinical presentation ranges from arthralgia, myalgia, petechiae, or rash to single or multiorgan involvement. An occurrence of systemic vasculitis is a rare complication. When presented as the pulmonary-renal syndrome, it could have a rapidly progressive course which can be fatal. Here, we describe a case of hydralazine-associated rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and pulmonary haemorrhage. We use this case to review the current literature and discuss and highlight the importance of a high degree of clinical acumen, early diagnosis and prompt treatment for better clinical outcomes.
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    Improving Early Dementia Detection Among Diverse Older Adults With Cognitive Concerns With the 5-Cog Paradigm: Protocol for a Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Clinical Trial
    (JMIR, 2025-04-03) Rosansky Chalmer, Rachel Beth; Ayers, Emmeline; Weiss, Erica F.; Fowler, Nicole R.; Telzak, Andrew; Summanwar, Diana; Zwerling, Jessica; Wang, Cuiling; Xu, Huiping; Holden, Richard J.; Fiori, Kevin; French, Dustin D.; Nsubayi, Celeste; Ansari, Asif; Dexter, Paul; Higbie, Anna; Yadav, Pratibha; Walker, James M.; Congivaram, Harrshavasan; Adhikari, Dristi; Melecio-Vazquez, Mairim; Boustani, Malaz; Verghese, Joe; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: The 5-Cog paradigm is a 5-minute brief cognitive assessment coupled with a clinical decision support tool designed to improve clinicians' early detection of cognitive impairment, including dementia, in their diverse older primary care patients. The 5-Cog battery uses picture- and symbol-based assessments and a questionnaire. It is low cost, simple, minimizes literacy bias, and is culturally fair. The decision support component of the paradigm helps nudge appropriate care provider response to an abnormal 5-Cog battery. Objective: The objective of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness, implementation, and cost of the 5-Cog paradigm. Methods: We will enroll 6600 older patients with cognitive concerns from 22 primary care clinics in the Bronx, New York, and in multiple locations in Indiana for this hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation trial. We will analyze the effectiveness of the 5-Cog paradigm to increase the rate of new diagnoses of mild cognitive impairment syndrome or dementia using a pragmatic, cluster randomized clinical trial design. The secondary outcome is the ordering of new tests, treatments, and referrals for cognitive indications within 90 days after the study visit. The 5-Cog's decision support component will be deployed as an electronic medical record feature. We will analyze the 5-Cog's implementation process, context, and outcomes through the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research using a mixed methods design (surveys and interviews). The study will also examine cost-effectiveness from societal and payer (Medicare) perspectives by estimating the cost per additional dementia diagnosis. Results: The study is funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the National Institutes of Health (2U01NS105565). The protocol was approved by the Albert Einstein College of Medicine Institutional Review Board in September 2022. A validation study was completed to select cut scores for the 5-Cog battery. Among the 76 patients enrolled, the resulting clinical diagnoses were as follows: dementia in 32 (42%); mild cognitive impairment in 28 (37%); subjective cognitive concerns without objective cognitive impairment in 12 (16%); no cognitive diagnosis assigned in 2 (3%). The mean scores were Picture-Based Memory Impairment Screen 5.8 (SD 2.7), Symbol Match 27.2 (SD 18.2), and Subjective Motoric Cognitive Risk 2.4 (SD 1.7). The cut scores for an abnormal or positive result on the 5-Cog components were as follows: Picture-Based Memory Impairment Screen ≤6 (range 0-8), Symbol Match ≤25 (range 0-65), and Subjective Motoric Cognitive Risk >5 (range 0-7). As of December 2024, a total of 12 clinics had completed the onboarding processes, and 2369 patients had been enrolled. Conclusions: The findings of this study will facilitate the rapid adaptation and dissemination of this effective and practical clinical tool across diverse primary care clinical settings.