Browsing by Author "Alqunaibet, Ada Mohammed"

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    High seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among high-density communities in Saudi Arabia
    (Springer, 2022-06) Almudarra, Sami; Kamel, Shady; Saleh, Eman; Alaswad, Rehab; Alruwaily, Amaal; Almowald, Shaza; Alqunaibet, Ada Mohammed; Almudiaheem, Abdullah; Almutlaq, Hind; Alserehi, Haleema; Almalki, Safar; Bahlaq, Mohannad Abdulhafiz; Alsahafi, Abdullah Jaber; Alsaif, Faisal; Khojah, Abdullah T.; Al‑Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Asiri, Sari Ibrahim; Assiri, Abdullah; Jokhdar, Hani; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection had been investigated utilizing serology. Materials and methods: This community-based sero-survey was carried out in the neighborhoods of three cities in Saudi Arabia. Results: Of 5629 participants, 2766 (49.1%) were women; and 2148 (38.1%) were 18-34 years of age, and 3645 (64.7%) were from South East Asia. Positive serology was seen in 2825 (50.2% (95% CI: 48.8-51.5%) for SARS-CoV-2 anti-S1 IgG antibodies by ECLIA. Being in the age category of 18-34 years and being from Eastern Mediterranean Region (country A) were associated with higher COVID-19 seropositivity with estimated odds ratio of 1.3 [95% CI 1.1-1.8] and 2.5 [95% CI 1.1.5-4.2] respectively. Gender, social status, education, nationality, symptoms, presence of comorbidities and activity style were positively associated with increased seropositivity. Factors associated negatively with the rate of seropositivity were higher education and having outdoor activity with estimated OR of 0.92 [95% CI 0.46-0.95] and 0.59 [95% CI 0.47-0.74], respectively. Conclusion: The study showed high seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among high density population. Health education campaigns should target middle-aged, those with low education, those living in lower standards and indoor workers.
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    Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) among Healthcare Workers in Saudi Arabia: Comparing Case and Control Hospitals
    (Elsevier, 2020-03) Alserehi, Haleema Ali; Alqunaibet, Ada Mohammed; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Alharbi, Naif Khalaf; Alshukairi, Abeer Nizar; Alanazi, Khalid Hamdan; Bin Saleh, Ghada Mohammed; Alshehri, Amer Mohammed; Almasoud, Abdulrahman; Hashem, Anwar M.; Alruwaily, Amaal Rabie; Alaswad, Rehab Habeeb; Al-Mutlaq, Hind Mohammed; Almudaiheem, Abdulllah Ali; Othman, Fatmah Mahmoud; Aldakeel, Sumyah Abdullah; Abu Ghararah, Mouath Rashid; Jokhdar, Hani Abdulaziz; Algwizani, Abdullah Rshoud; Almudarra, Sami Saeed; Albarrag, Ahmed Mohammed; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Healthcare workers (HCWs) stand at the frontline for fighting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This puts them at higher risk of acquiring the infection than other individuals in the community. Defining immunity status among health care workers is therefore of interest since it helps to mitigate the exposure risk. This study was conducted between May 20th and 30th, 2020. Eighty-five hospitals across Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were divided into 2 groups: COVID-19 referral hospitals are those to which RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients were admitted or referred for management (Case-hospitals). COVID-19 nonaffected hospitals where no COVID-19 patients had been admitted or managed and no HCW outbreak (Control hospitals). Next, seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 among HCWs was evaluated; there were 12,621 HCWs from the 85 hospitals. There were 61 case-hospitals with 9379 (74.3%) observations, and 24 control-hospitals with 3242 (25.7%) observations. The overall positivity rate by the immunoassay was 299 (2.36%) with a significant difference between the case-hospital (2.9%) and the control-group (0.8%) (P value <0.001). There was a wide variation in the positivity rate between regions and/or cities in Saudi Arabia, ranging from 0% to 6.31%. Of the serology positive samples, 100 samples were further tested using the SAS2pp neutralization assay; 92 (92%) samples showed neutralization activity. The seropositivity rate in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is low and varies across different regions with higher positivity in case-hospitals than control-hospitals. The lack of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) in 8% of the tested samples could mean that assay is a more sensitive assay or that neutralization assay has a lower detection limits; or possibly that some samples had cross-reaction to spike protein of other coronaviruses in the assay, but these were not specific to neutralize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).