Browsing by Author "Aeddula, Narothama Reddy"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    Alport's syndrome and intracranial aneurysm: mere coincidence or undiscovered causal relationship
    (BMJ, 2019-01-29) Bose, Subhasish; Pathireddy, Samata; Baradhi, Krishna M.; Aeddula, Narothama Reddy; Medicine, School of Medicine
    A 44-year-old Caucasian man with a history of deceased donor renal transplant for end-stage renal disease from Alport's syndrome (AS), presented with a spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage and hydrocephalus. Following an external ventricular drain for the hydrocephalus, a CT angiography revealed a dissection of the left vertebral artery extending into vertebro-basilar junction necessitating a bypass between left occipital artery to left posterior inferior cerebellar artery. He had a posterior fossa Craniectomy, C1 laminectomy and coiling off, of the left vertebral artery. Postprocedure course was prolonged but uneventful with complete recovery and normal renal function 18 months postpresentation. AS, a disease caused by abnormalities in the synthesis of type IV collagen, can cause aneurysms with severe and permanent neurological sequalae. We present a case of AS with intracranial arterial dissection with potential life-threatening consequences and discuss the genetic and molecular basis of AS along with review of the relevant literature.
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    Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Renal Disease
    (MDPI, 2019-03-02) Aeddula, Narothama Reddy; Cheungpasitporn, Wisit; Thongprayoon, Charat; Pathireddy, Samata; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is derived from splanchnic mesoderm, localized anatomically between the myocardium and pericardial visceral layer, and surrounds the coronary arteries. Being a metabolically active organ, EAT secretes numerous cytokines, which moderate cardiovascular morphology and function. Through its paracrine and vasocrine secretions, EAT may play a prominent role in modulating cardiac function. EAT protects the heart in normal physiological conditions by secreting a variety of adipokines with anti-atherosclerotic properties, and in contrast, secretes inflammatory molecules in pathologic conditions that may play a dynamic role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases by promoting atherosclerosis. Considerable research has been focused on comparing the anatomical and biochemical features of EAT in healthy people, and a variety of disease conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and renal diseases. The global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in renal disease are high, and there is a paucity of concrete evidence and societal guidelines to detect early cardiovascular disease (CVD) in this group of patients. Here we performed a clinical review on the existing evidence and knowledge on EAT in patients with renal disease, to evaluate its application as a reliable, early, noninvasive biomarker and indicator for CVD, and to assess its significance in cardiovascular risk stratification.
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    Epidemiology of parvovirus B19 and anemia among kidney transplant recipients: A meta-analysis
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2020-06-10) Thongprayoon, Charat; Khoury, Nadeen J.; Bathini, Tarun; Aeddula, Narothama Reddy; Boonpheng, Boonphiphop; Lertjitbanjong, Ploypin; Watthanasuntorn, Kanramon; Leeaphorn, Napat; Chesdachai, Supavit; Torres-Ortiz, Aldo; Kaewput, Wisit; Bruminhent, Jackrapong; Mao, Michael A.; Cheungpasitporn, Wisit; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: Persistent anemia has been described in kidney transplant (KTx) recipients with parvovirus B19 virus infection. However, the epidemiology of parvovirus B19 and parvovirus B19-related anemia after KTx remains unclear. We conducted this systematic review (1) to investigate the incidence of parvovirus B19 infection after KTx and (2) to assess the incidence of parvovirus B19 among KTx patients with anemia. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted in EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases from inception to March 2019 to identify studies that reported the incidence rate of parvovirus B19 infection and/or seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 in KTx recipients. Effect estimates from the individual studies were extracted and combined using random-effects, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird. The protocol for this systematic review is registered with PROSPERO (no. CRD42019125716). Results: Nineteen observational studies with a total of 2108 KTx patients were enrolled. Overall, the pooled estimated seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 immunoglobulin G was 62.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 45.8%–76.1%). The pooled estimated incidence rate of positive parvovirus B19 DNA in the 1st year after KTx was 10.3% (95% CI: 5.5%–18.4%). After sensitivity analysis excluded a study that solely included KTx patients with anemia, the pooled estimated incidence rate of positive parvovirus B19 DNA after KTx was 7.6% (95% CI: 3.7%–15.0%). Among KTx with anemia, the pooled estimated incidence rate of positive parvovirus B19 DNA was 27.4% (95% CI: 16.6%–41.7%). Meta-regression analysis demonstrated no significant correlations between the year of study and the incidence rate of positive parvovirus B19 DNA (P = 0.33). Egger's regression asymmetry test was performed and demonstrated no publication bias in all analyses. Conclusion: The overall estimated incidence of positive parvovirus B19 DNA after KTX is 10.3%. Among KTx with anemia, the incidence rate of positive parvovirus B19 DNA is 27.4%. The incidence of positive parvovirus B19 DNA does not seem to decrease overtime.
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    Guillain-Barre syndrome with concurrent posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and hyponatraemia: mere coincidence or rare coexistence
    (BMJ, 2019-07-11) Drye, Carley; Bose, Subhasish; Pathireddy, Samata; Aeddula, Narothama Reddy; Medicine, School of Medicine
    A 61-year-old Caucasian woman with a history of hypertension presented with a week's history of confusion falls and back pain was found to have hyponatraemia from secretion of antidiuretic hormone and treated appropriately. Given her persistent symptoms, despite a normal CT head on presentation, an MRI head was obtained, showing vasogenic oedema in line with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Despite aggressive antihypertensives and supportive measures, unfortunately, her condition deteriorated, with increased confusion, new left-sided flaccid paresis, paraesthesias and worsening of the back pain. Following further testing including a cerebrospinal fluid analysis, finally diagnosed with an atypical presentation of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), and prompt management with intravenous immunoglobulins was initiated. She recovered clinically and returned to near-normal function on follow-up. We use this case to suggest the importance of dysautonomia in GBS and various clinical manifestations it can present with, including PRES and hyponatraemia.
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    Hydralazine-associated antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody vasculitis with pulmonary-renal syndrome
    (BMJ, 2018-11-08) Aeddula, Narothama Reddy; Pathireddy, Samata; Ansari, Asif; Juran, Peter J.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Hydralazine, a vasodilator, is commonly used as an adjunctive treatment for moderate to severe hypertension, heart failure and hypertensive emergencies in pregnancy. Hydralazine-induced lupus was first described in 1953. Clinical presentation ranges from arthralgia, myalgia, petechiae, or rash to single or multiorgan involvement. An occurrence of systemic vasculitis is a rare complication. When presented as the pulmonary-renal syndrome, it could have a rapidly progressive course which can be fatal. Here, we describe a case of hydralazine-associated rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and pulmonary haemorrhage. We use this case to review the current literature and discuss and highlight the importance of a high degree of clinical acumen, early diagnosis and prompt treatment for better clinical outcomes.
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    Methamphetamine (N-methylamphetamine)-induced renal disease: underevaluated cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
    (BMJ, 2019-09-19) Baradhi, Krishna M.; Pathireddy, Samata; Bose, Subhasish; Aeddula, Narothama Reddy; Medicine, School of Medicine
    A 26-year-old Caucasian man with no medical history, except years of oral and intravenous drug abuse, presented with fatigue, shortness of breath, epistaxis and uncontrolled hypertension. He was pale with skin ecchymosis over his thighs and was anaemic, with severe renal failure and metabolic acidosis. Following initial clinical stabilisation of the patient, a renal biopsy was obtained, which showed vascular and glomerular changes consistent with thrombotic microangiopathic injury and advanced glomerulosclerosis. He was treated with antihypertensives and required haemodialysis. He admitted using ‘crystal meth’ regularly for many years, which is likely responsible for his renal failure. We present the case to illustrate methamphetamine-induced renal disease leading to end-stage renal disease and to bring awareness among practising clinicians, ancillary healthcare workers and public health professionals of this often undervalued cause of renal failure, which can be prevented.
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    Seizures, renal failure and acute respiratory failure: not your typical case of Henoch-Schonlein purpura
    (BMJ, 2019-07-17) Bose, Subhasish; Pathireddy, Samata; Baradhi, Krishna M.; Aeddula, Narothama Reddy; Medicine, School of Medicine
    A 30-year-old Caucasian woman with no prior medical history presented with pedal oedema, arthralgias and abdominal pain with diarrhoea, following a respiratory infection. She had mild abdominal tenderness along with a purpuric rash on the extremities and was anaemic. Following initial workup for anaemia and rash, her condition deteriorated with renal impairment, respiratory failure and seizures necessitating ventilatory support, dialysis and steroids. Serologies were negative, and skin biopsy showed leucocytoclastic vasculitis without vascular IgA deposition, and renal biopsy showed subendothelial, mesangial deposits of IgA with C3 indicative of Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP). She was treated with steroids, haemodialysis and on 6-month follow-up recovered renal function. We present the case to illustrate that HSP, though rare in adults, can present with multiorgan failure, with renal, pulmonary and central nervous system involvement, and the need for early diagnosis and prompt treatment for rapid clinical recovery.