IUSD Research Day

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Browsing IUSD Research Day by Author "Blanchard, Steven"

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    Histomorphological Comparison of Platelet Rich Fibrin Combinations for Ridge Preservation.
    (04/13/15) Hamada, Yusuke; John, Vanchit; Blanchard, Steven; Hamada, Yusuke; Blanchard, Steven; Periodontics
    Background: Most commonly used techniques to preserve ridge dimensions following tooth extraction involve bone substitutes and membranes to cover the graft. The use of autologous Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) is a recent introduction to be used as a membrane as well as mixed with the graft material. PRF is an inexpensive autologous gel enriched with platelets from venous blood that is easily processed in a clinical setting and contains growth factors including PDGF, TGF-β, VEGF, EGF and IGF1. The aim of this case report is to compare the histomorphologic results of various combinations of PRF, freeze dried bone allograft (FDBA) and polylactic acid membranes (Guidor) in extraction sockets in a single patient. Material and Methods: A 49-year old female patient with a 12 pack-year smoking history presented for extraction of maxillary teeth for an implant retained complete denture. On the day of surgery, 40ml of venous blood was drawn and centrifuged to produce four PRF gels. Two PRF gels were minced and mixed with FDBA. Two clots were processed to be used as membranes to cover the sockets. Teeth #s 4, 6, 11, and 13 were extracted with minimal trauma and sockets were thoroughly debrided. Varying combination of FDBA, PRF, and Guidor membranes were used for ridge preservation grafting in the four sockets. Four and half months following extraction, trephine cores were taken at the time of implant placement and submitted for histological analysis. Results: Clinical healing was uneventful at all sockets but soft tissue healing appeared slightly rapid on sites covered with PRF membranes. However, histologic healing showed more vital bone formation around residual graft materials with Guidor membranes sites. Conclusions: Within the limits of this case report, although PRF membranes seemed to slightly enhance soft tissue healing, the use of Guidor membranes appeared to improve bone remodeling.
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    Role of Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins in Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia and Periodontitis.
    (04/13/15) Dukka, Himabindu; John, Vanchit; Blanchard, Steven; Reiter, Jill; Dukka, Himabindu; John, Vanchit; Periodontics
    Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy related disease and is the leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Altered immune-inflammatory responses at the placental level in response to infectious agents (eg: periodontal pathogens) have been proposed to be etiological for this pregnancy complication. A new class of Pattern Recognition Receptors called Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins (PGRP) constituting 4 distinct molecules PGRP 1-4 is emerging as key player in modulating host responses to peptidoglycan and its breakdown products. A critical knowledge gap exists on the role of PGRPs in the innate immune responses that occur at the maternal-fetal interface in response to pathogens and their components that may be present in maternal circulation secondary to chronic infections. The aim of this pilot study is to investigate the expression PGRPs in the placenta of pre-eclamptic women. This case control study consisted of subjects with: (1) normal term pregnancies (n=20) (2) pre-eclampsia (n=20). A real time quantitative PCR was used to analyze the relative mRNA expression of TLR2, TLR4, NOD1, NOD2, PGRP1, PGRP2, PGRP3, and PGRP4. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the cell type(s) expressing the PGRP proteins in the placental tissue. Summary statistics (mean, standard deviation, range, 95% confidence interval for the mean) were calculated for PGRP 1-4 expression for each group. The PCR data showed the expression of PGRPs 1, 3 and 4 when compared with positive controls such as liver, brain, skin and T-cells. This study demonstrated the expression of PGRPs 1, 3 and 4 by the placental samples. There was an up-regulation of PGRP-1 (1.4 fold) and down regulation of PGRP-3 (1.3 fold) and PGRP-4 (1.6 fold). TLR2, TLR4 and NOD2 mRNA were elevated in placental samples. The results from this novel research could lead to development of salivary and/or plasmatic biomarkers for early detection of PE and warrants further investigation. (This project is supported by the Delta Dental Master Thesis Award, No: 141031)