IUPUI Research Day 2012

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Browsing IUPUI Research Day 2012 by Author "Agarwal, Mangilal"

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    FABRICATION OF A THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS USING LAYER BY LAYER (LBL) NANOASSEMBLY OF COPPER INDIUM GALLUIM SELENIUM (CIGS) NANOPARTICLES
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2012-04-13) Ghane, Parvin; Hemati, Azadeh; Shrestha, Sudhir; Agarwal, Mangilal; Varahramyan, Kody
    Copper Indium Gallium Selenium (CIGS), a p-type semiconductor material with a tunable band gap, has been broadly studied for high efficiency solar cells as a viable sustainable energy source. Production of CIGS nanoparticles gives the ability of fabricating thin, light, and flexible solar cells. However, the current fabrication technologies of such devices are still very costly. This poster presents the synthesis and functionalization of CIGS nanoparticles and proposes Layer-by-Layer (LbL) nanoassembly process, as a low cost method, to fabricate thin films for solar cell applications. The results show that the synthesized CIGS particles have 1.3 ev band gap and 30 nm diameter in av-erage. These particles were later coated with polymers to provide alternative opposite surface charges suitable for LbL process. Deposition of 20 layers of the particles on indium tinoxide (ITO) coated glass formed a thin film with 220 nm thickness. The measured current voltage (I-V) characteristic of the film gave resistivity of 7.9 MΩ.m in dark and 2.25 MΩ.m under light illumina-tion. A prototype solar cell made out of the film resulted in short circuit cur-rent density (JSC) of 0.3 mA/cm2 and open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.7 V.
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    FROM PATENT TO PRODUCT: COMMERCIALIZING AN INNOVATION IN VASCULAR ACCESS FOR HEMODIALYSIS TREATMENT
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2012-04-13) Adeboye, Alan; Chandra, Rishi; Moes, Kyle; Plew, Jim; Wolf, Eric; Agarwal, Mangilal; Akingba, George
    As End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) affects more than 500,000 patients every year and is currently increasing at a rate of 5-7%, the need for effective hemodialysis treatment remains an important issue in our society. Currently there are two vascular access devices widely accepted by the medical community, the arteriovenous graft (AVG) and arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Dr. Akingba’s innovation, the modular anastomotic valve device (MAVD), would allow for selective shunting during hemodialysis treatment in turn increasing the patency by an expected six fold. The purpose of our research pertaining to this device was to assist Dr. Akingba in preparing the device for commercialization through an analysis of FDA regulations, licensing, technological considerations, and medical device competitors. With this is mind, preliminary research, bench top model, flow dynamic computer simulations, and key interviews were implemented as data sources. Research in hemodialysis techniques, flow dynamics, FDA approval process, and licensing considerations including the valuation of the intellectual property has provided us insight into the most effective pathway to bring the MAVD to market. As a result, a more direct licensing plan was developed for Dr. Akingba to streamline the commercialization process. With this research, Dr. Akingba will be able to obtain FDA clearance through animal testing and clinical trials. Once this device has been brought to market, it will shift preference in vascular access toward usage of the graft for hemodialysis with its increased patency and ultimately bring medical enhancements to patients, surgeons, hospitals, and the health-care industry in general.
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    Nanotechnology Research, Education, and Outreach by the Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute (INDI)
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2012-04-13) Naumann, Christoph; Rizkalla, Maher; Decca, Ricardo; El-Mounayri, Hazim; Witzmann, Frank; Agarwal, Mangilal
    Abstract: The Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute (INDI), sponsored under the IUPUI Signature Centers Initiative, with a vision of becoming a world-recognized resource for the realization of nanotechnology-based systems, is advancing both nanotechnology research and education on campus. Innovation in nanotechnology requires multidisciplinary approaches and INDI, a collective group of faculty members across departments and schools (including the School of Engineering and Technology, School of Science, School of Dentistry, and School of Medicine), enables interdisciplinary research collaborations and offers nanosystems coursework to students in science and engineering disciplines. Current research efforts span a range of critical issues in nanomaterials, nanodevices, nanosystems, energy, physics, and nanomedicine, and include projects such as the design and characterization of nanoarchitectures for biomedical applications, advancing fuel cell and energy storage technologies, and investigating nanoparticle toxicology. Several members of INDI have externally funded research and outreach projects. The nanotechnology research capabilities within INDI, including of a cluster of analytical equipment and lab resources for nanosystems development and characterization, support local industry needs as well as the research interests of over 30 faculty members and over 100 students (undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral) on the IUPUI campus. INDI also provides, through the newly developed courses, students with both theory and hands-on experiences involving the fabrication, characterization, and applications of nanosystems. These courses are also part of IUPUI’s newly developed Nanotechnology Track in Mechanical Engineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering degree programs, and the Energy Engineering degree program. In addition, INDI’s active community outreach activities, including its nanotechnology summer camps for K-12 students and teachers, provide early exposure to nanofabrication techniques and research. These classroom and lab-based experiences are designed to encourage higher education and involvement in academic research in an effort to generate the advanced workforce needed by Indiana and the nation.
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    SYNTHESIS AND FUNCTIONALIZATION OF CIGS NANOPARTICLES FOR LBL DEPOSITION
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2012-04-13) Canner, Mark; Cambridge, Jason; Agarwal, Mangilal; Shrestha, Sudhir; Varahramyan, Kody
    Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide (CIGS) solar cells have been used widely in thin film solar cells due to their high attainable efficien-cy and tunable band gap. The cost of solar cell manufacturing needs to be further reduced to make CIGS solar cells economically viable. The main objective of this research is to repeatedly and accurately synthe-size CIGS nanoparticles in a desired ratio to allow for an efficient band gap and dispersion in an aqueous solution for Layer-by-Layer (LbL) nanoassembly. CIGS nanoparticles have been synthesized by arrested precipitation in Oleylamine solution. The particles were purified utiliz-ing chloroform, ethanol, and water via centrifugation. The purified na-noparticles were down to a size of 15 nm with average size of 60 nm. A ligand exchange was performed to remove the capping agent, Oleylamine, and replace it with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid, a thiol ligand. The thiol ligand used had charged functional groups resulting in the functionalized particles with expected high negative zeta potential for stable dispersion. Lastly, the nanoparticles were analyzed through the utilization of X-ray diffractive spectroscopy (XRD), transmittance spectroscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and a scan-ning electron microscope (SEM). Using the oppositely charged disper-sion in aqueous solutions, multiple size-controlled layers of CIGS can be obtained using Layer-by-Layer nanoassembly, creating a solar cell. The synthesis, characterization and functionalization results will be presented in the poster.