Addressing male HPV vaccination in China: A narrative review of challenges and opportunities

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) poses significant health risks to men, including genital warts and HPV-related cancers. In China, the recent approval of HPV vaccination for males aged 9-26 marks an important step toward gender-inclusive prevention. However, challenges remain in promoting vaccine acceptance among men due to the perception of HPV as a "women's disease," limited public awareness, cultural stigma, and low perceived susceptibility, particularly among heterosexual men. Men who have sex with men (MSM) may demonstrate relatively higher willingness to vaccinate. Vaccine confidence may be influenced by historical vaccine safety concerns and the spread of misinformation, particularly online. Although healthcare provider recommendations may significantly improve uptake, past studies indicate that many men report receiving little or no guidance. This review highlights the need for early education, culturally appropriate messaging, and engagement with trusted community figures. Gender-neutral vaccine promotion and appeals to social responsibility may enhance confidence and uptake among Chinese men.