Patient Perceptions of Pharmacist-Provided Tobacco Treatment at a Federally Qualified Health Center

Abstract

Background: Tobacco use remains a leading cause of preventable death and disease in the US. Pharmacists, due to their accessibility and expertise, are well-positioned to provide tobacco treatment, particularly in Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs). Objective: This study aimed to characterize patient perceptions of pharmacist-delivered tobacco treatment services, with medication prescribing, within an FQHC setting in Indiana. Methods: Applying a qualitative approach, guided by the SERVQUAL and 5 Rights of Clinical Decision Support models, semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients who had recently completed follow-up appointments after receiving pharmacist-provided tobacco treatment services. The interviews assessed service quality, appropriateness, and patient satisfaction. Participants were connected to the pharmacist-delivered tobacco treatment services either through self-identification of interest at intake or through a referral from their primary care provider. Pharmacists utilized the 5 A's approach (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange) to guide the intervention, which included the provision of behavioral counseling and prescribing tobacco treatment medications, when appropriate. Follow-up appointments were scheduled within 14 days of the initial counseling to assess progress and adjust treatment plans. Qualitative data were analyzed using inductive and deductive thematic analysis. Results: Interviews were conducted with 15 patients. Identified themes included satisfaction with the service, the inclusion of patients in treatment decisions, pharmacists' commitment to patient success, and the appropriateness of medication counseling and follow-up care. Results indicated high levels of patient satisfaction and perceived value in the pharmacist-provided services. Participants appreciated the personalized care and accessibility of pharmacists. Conclusions: The study highlights patient perceptions of the effectiveness of pharmacist-led tobacco treatment services and provides insights for refinement of services to better meet patient needs.