Effect of Vapocoolant on Pain During Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation

Abstract

Methods Data Sources The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Literatura Latino Americana em Ciencias da Saude, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and ISI Web of Science were searched from inception to May 2015 without language restriction. Trial registries were searched, including clinicaltrials.gov, controlled-trials.com, and trialscentral.org. Additionally, the authors hand searched the references of retrieved articles and abstracts of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. Study Selection This review included all randomized controlled trials comparing vapocoolant to placebo or no treatment for analgesia associated with intravenous cannulation. Studies of adults, children, and healthy volunteers were eligible. Titles and abstracts were reviewed by at least 2 authors, and potentially relevant studies underwent full text review. Discrepancies in study selection were resolved by consensus. Data Extraction and Synthesis Three authors independently extracted data, using a standardized data extraction form. Discrepancies in extracted data were resolved by consensus. Studies were assessed as low, unclear, or high risk of bias in each of 6 domains: random sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding of participants and personnel, blinding of outcome assessors, incomplete outcome data, and selective reporting. Data reported on a 100-point visual analog scale (VAS) were reported as mean difference. When data were measured with different scales, they were combined with standardized mean difference. A fixed-effect model was used when the I2 statistic was less than 40%; otherwise, a random-effects model was used.