Attenuated Total Internal Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR): A Quantitative Approach for Kidney Stone Analysis

Abstract

The impact of kidney stone disease is significant worldwide, yet methods for quantifying stone components remain limited. A new approach requiring minimal sample preparation for the quantitative analysis of kidney stone components has been investigated utilizing attenuated total internal reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and hydroxylapatite (HAP), two of the most common constituents of urinary stones, were used for quantitative analysis. Calibration curves were constructed using integrated band intensities of four infrared absorptions versus concentration (weight %). The correlation coefficients of the calibration curves range from 0.997 to 0.93. The limits of detection range from 0.07 ± 0.02% COM/HAP where COM is the analyte and HAP the matrix to 0.26 ± 0.07% HAP/COM where HAP is the analyte and COM the matrix. This study shows that linear calibration curves can be generated for the quantitative analysis of stone mixtures provided the system is well understood especially with respect to particle size.