Early alcohol abstinence symptoms and the role of cumulative adversity

Abstract

Background: This study examined the course of early alcohol abstinence symptoms across multiple clinical domains (i.e., cravings, withdrawal, mood, and cardiovascular measures) in individuals undergoing inpatient alcohol treatment and assessed whether cumulative lifetime adversity influences the severity and trajectory of these symptoms. Methods: Researchers tracked withdrawal symptoms, alcohol cravings, mood states, heart rate, and blood pressure in 34 inpatient participants at treatment admission and weekly for three to four consecutive weeks. The analysis employed two approaches: first, examining symptom presentation and progression over time in alcohol-dependent individuals using cumulative adversity as a moderating variable; second, comparing symptom patterns between alcohol-dependent participants with high versus low lifetime adversity against 38 control participants at each timepoint. Results: Abstinence symptoms resolved by the third week of inpatient treatment across all participants. However, alcohol-dependent individuals with greater lifetime adversity exhibited significantly more severe symptom patterns compared to alcohol-dependent individuals with fewer adverse experiences. These differences persisted even when controlling for recent alcohol and tobacco use severity over the preceding 3 months. Conclusions: Understanding the profile and progression of early abstinence symptoms, along with stress-related moderating factors, could inform more personalized care planning. Cumulative lifetime adversity may serve as a readily measurable correlate of early abstinence severity and may be valuable for predicting alcohol treatment outcomes. Addressing the effects of cumulative lifetime adversity may serve as a target for early intervention in patients with alcohol use disorder.