Exploring stress and coping among black women in early midlife with elevated blood pressure in a safety-net health system: a qualitative focus group protocol

Abstract

Introduction: Black women in early midlife experience disproportionate exposure to stress and elevated cardiovascular risk, including hypertension. Despite this, few stress management interventions are designed with and for this population. This study aims to explore the lived experiences of stress and coping among black women in early midlife with elevated blood pressure to inform the codesign of a culturally relevant, multilevel stress management intervention. Methods and analysis: We will conduct one-time, semistructured focus groups with black women aged 35-50 who have elevated blood pressure, recruited from a large safety-net health system. Data will be analysed using a constructivist grounded theory approach, with inductive theme development supported by line-by-line, focused and theoretical coding. The Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease framework will serve as a sensitising guide to multilevel contextual factors rather than a prescriptive coding structure. An artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted analytic component will complement human-led analysis by supporting preliminary theme exploration and enhancing transparency. Ethics and dissemination: Approved by the Indiana University Institutional Review Board (Protocol #21785). All participants will provide written informed consent. Findings will be shared via peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and lay summaries for stakeholders.