Multicancer Early Detection Tests: A State-of-the-Art Review for Otolaryngologists

Abstract

Objective: To provide a review of the science and applicability of current multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests for otolaryngologists. Data sources: PubMed, clinicaltrials.gov, company websites. Review methods: Using PRISMA methodology, primary literature regarding MCED tests was queried from April 26 to May 12, 2024 using MCED search terms. Ongoing clinical trials incorporating MCED screens were identified via the National Institutes of Health clinicaltrials.gov website. Company websites for available or upcoming MCED tests were reviewed. Conclusion: Long-term robust data regarding the performance characteristics, effects on clinical outcomes, and cost-utility of MCED tests for head and neck cancer are currently lacking. Otolaryngologists should be aware of the implications of MCED tests as these assays become more widely used. Implications for practice: Although not FDA-approved or covered by insurances at the time of writing of this manuscript, MCED testing is rapidly gaining interest, and patients with positive tests are presenting to otolaryngologists for evaluation. While MCED technologies hold great promise for early detection of disease and potential reduction of morbidity and mortality, more study is needed about their utility for head and neck cancer and optimal diagnostic workflows.