Antiobesity Medications for Older Adults—the New, the Good, the Bad, and the Unknown

Abstract

Objective: Obesity affects 42% of older adults, with rates continuing to rise. This a complex condition influenced by non-modifiable as well as modifiable risk factors. The disease can be treated through modifications to diet, physical activity, and behavior and more recently through antiobesity medications (AOMs) and surgery. Treatment must be tailored to individual needs due to age-related metabolic and physiological changes. This review aimed to identify the suitability of seven FDA-approved AOMs in the treatment of obesity in older adults. Methods: A review of AOMs was performed, focusing on their efficacy in weight loss, side effects, and potential health risks in older adults. Studies were selected to later evaluate the overall suitability and safety of these medications. Results: AOMs can improve cardiovascular outcomes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, metabolic liver disease, obstructive sleep apnea, and chronic kidney disease. Weight loss in older adults using AOMs is associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia. Conclusions: From a policy standpoint, ensuring coverage of AOMs for older adults is critical, as these medications help reduce obesity-related complications. However, increased participation in clinical trials is urgently needed to study the impact of quality of life and outcomes in older adults.