IU Indianapolis ScholarWorks :: Browsing by Subject "substance use"

Browsing by Subject "substance use"

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The Association between Sexual Health and Physical, Mental and Social Health in Adolescent Women
(Elsevier, 2016-10) Hensel, Devon J.; Nance, Jennifer; Fortenberry, J. Dennis; Department of Pediatrics, IU School of Medicine
Purpose Developmental models link sexual well-being to physical, mental/emotional, and social well-being, yet little empirical literature evaluates these relationships in adolescents. Better understanding of how and when sexuality complements other aspects of health may yield important points to enhance existing health education and prevention efforts. Methods Data were drawn from a 10-year longitudinal cohort study of sexual relationships and sexual behavior among adolescent women (N = 387; 14–17 years at enrollment). Sexual health data were drawn from quarterly partner-specific interviews and were linked to physical, mental/emotional, and social health information in annual questionnaires. Random intercept, mixed effects linear, ordinal logistic, or binary logistic regression were used to estimate the influence of sexual health on health and well-being outcomes (Stata, v.23, StataCorp, College Station, TX). All models controlled for participant age and race/ethnicity. Results Higher sexual health was significantly associated with less frequent nicotine and substance use, lower self-reported depression, lower thrill seeking, higher self-esteem, having fewer friends who use substances, higher religiosity, better social integration, lower frequency of delinquent behavior and crime, and more frequent community group membership. Sexual health was not associated with the number of friends who used cigarettes. Conclusions Positive sexually related experiences in romantic relationships during adolescence may complement physical, mental/emotional, and social health. Addressing specific aspects of healthy sexual development during clinical encounters could dually help primary prevention and health education address other common adolescent health issues.
Attitudes Towards Substance Use: A Potential Mechanism in the Relationship Between Conduct Disorder and Substance Use in Detained Youth
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2016-04-08) Kolp, Haley; Hershberger, Alexandra; Aalsma, Matthew; Cyders, Melissa A.
Background: There is a well-established relationship between conduct disorder and substance use, particularly in detained youth. Attitudes toward substance use predict alcohol and marijuana use; however, little research has investigated attitudes as a mechanism between conduct disorder and substance use specifically in detained youth. Methods: Ninety-three detained youth (Mean age=15; SD=1.346; Female=15.1%) completed a court ordered psychological assessment, which included the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory for Adolescents (SASSI-A) and the Youth Self Report (YSR) to assess alcohol and drug use, attitudes towards substance use, and conduct disorder symptomology. Results: Two mediation models were run using Andrew Hayes’ PROCESS to test the effect of conduct disorder on alcohol use and drug use (run in separate models) through attitudes towards substance use, controlling for age and gender. Conduct disorder directly related to positive attitudes toward substance use in the alcohol model (b=0.47, t(91)=4.45, p<.001) and drug use model (b=0.30, t(91)=3.33, p=.001). Conduct disorder directly related to alcohol use (b=0.32, t(89)=2.60, p=.02) and drug use (b=0.44, t(89)=3.04, p=0.003). Attitudes toward substance use were associated with higher alcohol use scores, (b=0.42, t(89)=3.99, p<.001) and drug use scores (b=0.27, t(89)=1.92, p=.06). The relationship between conduct disorder and alcohol use was significantly mediated by positive attitudes toward substance use (b=0.20, CI 0.04 to 0.42); however, the relationship between conduct disorder and drug use as mediated by positive attitudes towards substance use was non-significant (b=0.07, CI -0.003 to 0.24). Discussion: The results support that one way in which conduct disorder increases risk for substance use in detained youth is through increasing the likelihood of holding positive attitudes towards substance use. Modifying positive alcohol attitudes might be a prime point of intervention to avoid risks associated with substance use among conduct disordered detained youth.
BEHAVIORAL SENSATION SEEKING CORRELATES WITH ADDICTION RISK BEHAVIORS AND SELF-REPORTED SENSATION SEEKING
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2016-04-08) Ramer, N.E.; Bates, S.M.; Myslinski, J.S.; Kerfoot, M.D.; Kareken, D.A.; Cyders, M.A.; Oberlin, B.G.
Background: Trait sensation seeking (SS) substantially influences the initiation of substance use. We created a behavioral task that presents choices and consequent olfactory stimuli in real time, which is designed to model real-world choices of highly varied, novel, and intense stimuli, despite risks associated with such choices. We hypothesized that behaviorally quantified SS would correlate with risky behaviors and self-reported SS tendencies. Methods: Undergraduate students (n=145, mean age=21±5, n=84 male, n=106 Caucasian) performed an odorant choice task, self-report SS assessments, and the Risky Behaviors Scale (RBS). Subjects used a computer mouse to choose between STANDARD (“weak, pleasant”) and VARIED (“stronger, likely pleasant but possibly unpleasant”) odors. An air-dilution olfactometer then delivered an odorant to subjects’ nostrils. Participants also rated odor intensity and pleasantness. Participants’ preference for VARIED was the primary metric of interest (Choice Ratio). Results: Choice Ratio correlated with self-reported SS assessments (rs>0.30, ps<0.001) and negative risky behaviors (strong trend: r=0.16, p=0.057). In men only, Choice Ratio correlated with endorsement of drug and alcohol risky behaviors (r=0.25, p=0.022). Conclusions: This SS task provides actual sensory consequences, is related to self-reported SS tendencies, and correlates with self-reported risk taking. Behaviorally quantified SS can be used in neuroimaging to probe brain patterns underlying SS tendencies. Further testing in riskier samples will expand external validity. A portable version is currently in development. K01AA020102 and HRSA 10-175 to MAC, R25GM109432 to SMB under the mentorship of MAC, K99AA023296 to BGO.
Community Conditions Favorable for Substance Abuse
(Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, 2018-04) Jacinto, Corey; Greene, Marion
The probability of whether an individual engages in substance use is associated with several risk and protective factors. Effective prevention requires understanding these factors. The social-ecological model considers the complex interactions between individual, relationship, community, and societal factors. This can help us understand substance use in a public health context and design strategies to address the problem across multiple levels.
Concurrent Substance Use and Related Problems among African American Adolescents: A Daily Diary Study
(2020-08) Banks, Devin Elizabeth; Zapolski, Tamika C. B.; Cyders, Melissa; Hensel, Devon; Pietri, Evava
African American adolescents have historically been considered at low risk for substance use relative to the White adolescent majority based on national prevalence estimates. However, during the last decade, African American adolescents’ rates of marijuana use—alone and in combination with other substances—have increased disproportionately relative to those of their White peers. Given the strong relationship between marijuana use and other substance use and the functional consequences associated with concurrent substance use during adolescence, the increase in marijuana use among African American youth may contribute to increased substance-related health disparities across the lifespan. Thus, the current study examined daily associations between marijuana use and other substance use among African American adolescents relative to their White peers. It also examined whether those associations differentially predicted behavioral health consequences among African American adolescents. Participants (N = 35; 42.9% African American) were adolescents age 14-18 who reported past 30-day use of marijuana, alcohol, and/or tobacco products. Respondents completed daily diaries reporting their substance use for 14 consecutive days, followed by self-report measures of internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and substance use problems. Multilevel regression and structural equation models were used to account for the nesting of days within individuals. Participants completed 458 diaries for a completion rate of 93.5%. African American respondents reported greater daily- and individual-level rates of marijuana use and concurrent substance use than White respondents. However, in multilevel models controlling for demographics, marijuana use was not related to concurrent use of alcohol and/or tobacco use and this relationship did not vary by race. Racial differences in the relationship between concurrent substance use and behavioral health consequences were observed such that the relationship was positive among White youth but not African American youth. Findings suggest that African American youth are at high risk for engagement in problematic patterns of substance use but that daily diary methods may not be most appropriate for illuminating these patterns. Despite these unexpected results, disparities in substance-related consequences among African Americans adults persist. Future research should examine long-term rather than proximal consequences of concurrent substance use among African American adolescents.
Discordance between Self-reported and Biologically Tested Exposure to Fentanyl among People at Risk of Opioid Overdose
(American Society of Addiction Medicine, 2022-11) Park, Ju Nyeong; Urquhart, Glenna; Morris, Miles; Dahal, Rejwi; Rouhani, Saba; Sherman, Susan G.; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine
Drug overdose remains a leading cause of death in the US, and the majority of opioid overdose fatalities involve fentanyl. This study aims to measure the degree of concordance between self-reported and biologically tested exposure to fentanyl. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using survey and urinalysis data collected between 2019 and 2020 from Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Among urinalysis participants (n=113), 30% reported daily fentanyl use, and among this group, only 54% had a fentanyl-positive result. Cohen’s Kappa between self-reported and biologically detected fentanyl use was 0.26, indicating minimal agreement between the two markers. Limitations to interpreting self-reported and urinalysis data are discussed in this report.
Doctoral Capstone Report: Understanding Cravings and Triggers in Students Attending a Recovery High School in a COVID-19 Era
(2022-05-01) Wisser, Breanna; Bednarski, Julie; DeRolf, Annie; Chase, Tony; Wilburn, Victoria; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences; Wilburn, Victoria
The adolescent population continues to be one of the most vulnerable at-risk populations for developing a substance use disorder (SUD), however only 0.3% of diagnosed adolescents receive the necessary treatment to begin the journey of recovery (National Center for Drug Abuse Statistics, 2020). To date, there is limited literature surrounding the real-life barriers to recovery individuals face daily. Accurately understanding recovery in the context of the daily lived experience would assist in person-centered evaluation and intervention. By utilizing a daily data collection method, ecological momentary assessment (EMA), researchers are able to identify and assess barriers to recovery in a timelier manner. The identified objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using EMA as a data collection method and how well it works to richly understand the lived experiences of adolescents in recovery and inform effective supports for this population.
Editorial: Understanding the Child at Risk for Substance Use Disorders: Neuroimaging Addiction Risk
(Elsevier, 2019) Hulvershorn, Leslie A.; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
Examining differential relationships of substance use and risky sexual behavior among African American and white adolescents
(2016-11-01) Banks, Devin E.; Zapolski, Tamika C. B.; Cyders, Melissa A.; Rand, Kevin L.
Adolescents are at disproportionate risk for health consequences associated with risky sexual behavior (RSB), including sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy. Racial disparities have also been observed with African American adolescents experiencing higher rates of such negative health outcomes than their White peers. Substance use, particularly alcohol and marijuana use, has been shown to predict RSB among adolescents of both racial groups. However, research suggests that alcohol use is more predictive of RSB in White adolescents than African American adolescents, perhaps due to significantly higher rates of alcohol use among White adolescents. Given recent trends indicating higher rates of marijuana use among African American adolescents than their White peers and a strong association between marijuana use and RSB among African American adolescents, marijuana use may better explain the relationship between substance use and risky sexual behavior among African Americans than alcohol use. Thus, the current study examined whether alcohol and marijuana use have differential effects on adolescent RSB by race at the event- and global-level of analysis. To that end, 113 adolescents ages 14-18 (African American = 93, White=20) completed self-report measures of substance use and RSB. Contrary to hypotheses, results revealed no racial differences in the relationship between substance use and RSB. However, post-hoc analyses revealed that marijuana use significantly predicted frequency of sex among African American adolescents above the effects of alcohol. These findings indicate that previously documented racial differences in the relationship between substance use and RSB may not be accounted for by marijuana use, but suggest that future studies continue to examine the unique impact of marijuana use on RSB, particularly among African American adolescents.
Examining the relationship of dieting behavior and substance use among female adolescents
(2018-05) Rowe, Alia T.; Zapolski, Tamika C.B.
The problem behavior theory suggests that the engagement in one problematic behavior increases the likelihood of engagement in another problematic behavior. Previous research has found among youth an increasing probability of co-occurring dieting and substance use behavior, particularly among girls. However, to date findings are inconclusive on the temporal ordering of these behaviors. Further, limited research has been conducted to explore whether the temporal ordering of the two behaviors exist similarly between White and Black youth. The present study will use a cross-lagged panel design across one year to examine the temporal ordering between dieting behavior and substance use among a sample of 2,016 adolescent females (grade mean=7; 77.2% White; 22.8% Black). We hypothesized that a bidirectional relationship would be observed between the two behaviors. However, given no published studies on this relationship by race, no a priori hypotheses were made for this second aim. Result showed that within the full sample dieting behavior significantly predicted substance use one year later, but the inverse relationship was not found. Additionally, this effect was replicated in the White sample but null effects in both directions was found among Black youth. These findings provide support for a temporal relationship between dieting behavior and substance use, such that the former predicts risk for the latter. Moreover, although there is evidence of race differences in the risk pathway, further research is needed to confirm this effect. Future studies are also needed to determine whether this observed temporal relationship is present among adolescent females of other racial/ethnic groups, as well as if the relationship varies as a function of other demographic variables, such as age (e.g., early, mid, or late-adolescence).

Browsing by Subject "substance use"

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