Browsing by Subject "poverty"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Contextual Effects
    (American Cancer Society, 2020) Herzog, Patricia Snell; Lilly Family School of Philanthropy
    Social scientists since the original Chicago School researchers find that neighborhoods and other geographic areas exert effects on residents, both while they live in those areas and even long afterward. The context effects are net of the individuals composing them, meaning there are cumulative effects that cannot be explained by individual-level characteristics alone. Another way of describing this is to state that the sum is greater than its parts: neighborhoods and other geographic areas, such as counties, states, and nations, combine social resources in ways that can influence the kind of lives that people living in those areas have over time. Contextual effects have a long history in sociological studies, dating back at least to the early Chicago School, and affect several types of social outcomes, including economic, educational and developmental, health and psychological well-being, crime and delinquency, and community involvement. Future directions of contextual effects research will account for the objective and structural features of geographic areas, in conjunction with the subjective and perceptual aspects.
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    Depression and poverty among African American women at risk for type 2 diabetes
    (2003-06) de Groot, Mary; Auslanden, Wendy; Williams, James Herbert; Sherraden, Michael; Haire-Joshu, Debra
    Poverty is associated with negative health outcomes, including depression. Little is known about the specific elements of poverty that contribute to depression, particularly among African American women at risk for type 2 diabetes. This study examined the relationships of economic and social resources to depression among African American women at high risk for the development of type 2 diabetes (N = 181) using the Conservation of Resources theory as a conceptual framework. Women were assessed at 3 time points in conjunction with a dietary change intervention. At baseline, 40% of women reported clinically significant depression, and 43.3% were below the poverty line. Depressed women reported fewer economic assets and greater economic distress than nondepressed peers. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that nonwork status, lack of home ownership, low appraisal of one’s economic situation, low self-esteem, and increased life events were significantly associated with depression at baseline. Longitudinal multivariate logistic regression models indicated that income, home ownership, future economic appraisal, life events, and self-esteem predicted depression trajectories at Time 3. These results speak to the multifaceted sources of stress in the lives of poor African American women. Interventions that address the economic and social factors associated with depression are needed.
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    Disparities of Health Care: Challenge to Physicians
    (Association of Kenya Physicians, 2007) Nyikal, James; Association of Kenya Physicians Scientific Conference (11th : Mar. 2007 : Eldoret, Kenya)
    Challenges to the health sector: Finance and financial flows. Rapid growth of infrastructure. Human resource. Emerging diseases. Coordination. Legal framework. Poverty. Challenges to the physician: Health reforms. Leadership role and head of team. Role model. Cost of care and poverty. Ethics in compromised social environment. CPD. Curative care/disease prevention and health promotion. Perpetual dilemma.
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    Using Poverty Simulations to Drive Student to Address Social Impediments in Health Care
    (Taylor & Francis, 2024) Taylor, Jennifer; Family Medicine, School of Medicine
    Understanding poverty and related social determinants is an important component of health profession training so that students understand how to care for under-resourced communities. This study assessed the impact of poverty simulations on students’ self-efficacy to practice in vulnerable communities. We used a retrospective study to evaluate the influence of a poverty simulation students’ knowledge, skills, and intent to serve in under resourced communities. Data analysis (n = 650) demonstrated significant improvements around care team collaboration and how a patient’s background impacts their overall health care. The project identified an effective strategy to help students build self-efficacy to practice in under-resourced communities.