Browsing by Subject "Uterine cervical neoplasms"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Cervical Cancer: 90-70-90 and Palliative Care
    (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2021) Cleary, James F.; Medicine, School of Medicine
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    Real-World Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake and Predictors of Visual Inspection With Acetic Acid Positivity Among Women Living With HIV in Care Programs in Western Kenya
    (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2024) Mungo, Chemtai; Orang’o, Omenge; Ofner, Susan; Musick, Beverly; Yiannoutsos, Constantin; Cohen, Craig R.; Brown, Darron; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara; Semeere, Aggrey; Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health
    Purpose: To achieve the WHO cervical cancer elimination targets, countries globally must achieve 70% cervical cancer screening (CCS) coverage. We evaluated CCS uptake and predictors of screening positive at two public HIV care programs in western Kenya. Methods: From October 2007 to February 2019, data from the Family AIDS Care and Education Services (FACES) and Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) programs in western Kenya were analyzed. The study population included women age 18-65 years enrolled in HIV care. Screening uptake was calculated annually and overall, determining the proportion of eligible women screened. Multivariate logistic regression assessed predictors of positive screening outcomes. Results: There were 57,298 women living with HIV (WLWHIV) eligible for CCS across both programs during the study period. The mean age was 31.4 years (IQR, 25.9-37.8), and 39% were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the first CCS-eligible visit. Of all eligible women, 29.4% (95% CI, 29.1 to 29.8) underwent CCS during the study period, 27.0% (95% CI, 26.5 to 27.4) in the AMPATH program, and 35.6% (95% CI, 34.9 to 36.4) in the FACES program. Annual screening uptake varied greatly in both programs, with coverage as low as 1% of eligible WLWHIV during specific years. Age at first screening, CD4 count within 90 days of screening, current use of ART, and program (AMPATH v FACES) were each statistically significant predictors of positive screening. Conclusion: CCS uptake at two large HIV care programs in Kenya fell short of the WHO's 70% screening target. Screening rates varied significantly on the basis of the availability of funding specific to CCS, reflecting the limitations of vertical funding programs.
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    Uptake of Co-testing with HPV and Cytology for Cervical Screening: A population-based evaluation in the United States
    (Elsevier, 2021) Cuzick, Jack; Du, Ruofei; Adcock, Rachael; Kinney, Walter; Joste, Nancy; McDonald, Ruth M.; English, Kevin; Torres, Salina M.; Saslow, Debbie; Wheeler, Cosette M.; New Mexico HPV Pap Registry Steering Committee; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for cervical screening has been shown to increase the yield of precancerous disease and reduce the incidence of cervical cancer more than cytology alone. Here we document the state-wide uptake of co-testing with HPV and cytology in women aged 30-64 years as recommended by national and international bodies. Methods: Registry-based study of all screening cytology and HPV tests in New Mexico from 2008 to 2019 among women aged 21-64 years, with a focus on cytology negative tests to distinguish co-testing from reflex HPV testing to triage equivocal or mildly abnormal cytology. Results: A total of 1,704,055 cervical screening tests from 681,440 women aged 21-64 years in the state of New Mexico were identified. The proportion of screening tests which were co-tests rose from 5.6% in 2008 to 84.3% in 2019 among women aged 30-64 years with a marked change from the near exclusive use of the Hybrid Capture II HPV test, (a signal amplified test method) to the use of target amplified HPV tests. The largest increases were seen between 2013 and 2015, reflecting the introduction and adoption of new clinical guidelines. Increases in co-testing were also seen in younger women. Conclusions: Co-testing is now well established in women aged 30-64 years, but smaller increases have also been seen at younger ages, although this is not currently recommended. The impact of co-testing on cervical disease outcomes and number of colposcopies and biopsies in routine population settings remain important, especially in young women.