Browsing by Subject "Sexual violence"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    A Typology of Social Media Use by Human Service Nonprofits: Mixed Methods Study
    (JMIR, 2024-05-08) Xue, Jia; Shier, Michael L.; Chen, Junxiang; Wang, Yirun; Zheng, Chengda; Chen, Chen; Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health
    Background: Nonprofit organizations are increasingly using social media to improve their communication strategies with the broader population. However, within the domain of human service nonprofits, there is hesitancy to fully use social media tools, and there is limited scope among organizational personnel in applying their potential beyond self-promotion and service advertisement. There is a pressing need for greater conceptual clarity to support education and training on the varied reasons for using social media to increase organizational outcomes. Objective: This study leverages the potential of Twitter (subsequently rebranded as X [X Corp]) to examine the online communication content within a sample (n=133) of nonprofit sexual assault (SA) centers in Canada. To achieve this, we developed a typology using a qualitative and supervised machine learning model for the automatic classification of tweets posted by these centers. Methods: Using a mixed methods approach that combines machine learning and qualitative analysis, we manually coded 10,809 tweets from 133 SA centers in Canada, spanning the period from March 2009 to March 2023. These manually labeled tweets were used as the training data set for the supervised machine learning process, which allowed us to classify 286,551 organizational tweets. The classification model based on supervised machine learning yielded satisfactory results, prompting the use of unsupervised machine learning to classify the topics within each thematic category and identify latent topics. The qualitative thematic analysis, in combination with topic modeling, provided a contextual understanding of each theme. Sentiment analysis was conducted to reveal the emotions conveyed in the tweets. We conducted validation of the model with 2 independent data sets. Results: Manual annotation of 10,809 tweets identified seven thematic categories: (1) community engagement, (2) organization administration, (3) public awareness, (4) political advocacy, (5) support for others, (6) partnerships, and (7) appreciation. Organization administration was the most frequent segment, and political advocacy and partnerships were the smallest segments. The supervised machine learning model achieved an accuracy of 63.4% in classifying tweets. The sentiment analysis revealed a prevalence of neutral sentiment across all categories. The emotion analysis indicated that fear was predominant, whereas joy was associated with the partnership and appreciation tweets. Topic modeling identified distinct themes within each category, providing valuable insights into the prevalent discussions surrounding SA and related issues. Conclusions: This research contributes an original theoretical model that sheds light on how human service nonprofits use social media to achieve their online organizational communication objectives across 7 thematic categories. The study advances our comprehension of social media use by nonprofits, presenting a comprehensive typology that captures the diverse communication objectives and contents of these organizations, which provide content to expand training and education for nonprofit leaders to connect and engage with the public, policy experts, other organizations, and potential service users.
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    Group Art Therapy for Adult Female Victims of Sexual Violence
    (2014-05) Adeniyi, Linda B.; King, Juliet
    In the United States, women are vulnerable to sexual violence regardless of their socioeconomic conditions (Black, et.al, 2010; Wadeson, 2010; Basile, 2002). Women make up 50.8 percent of the U.S. population (U. S. Census 2010). One might extrapolate from these statistics, albeit inaccurately, that women would have available to them an abundance of trained clinicians and resources ready to assist adult victims of sexual violence beyond the immediate medical attention and crisis counseling (Howden & Meyer, 2011). Most often, however, just the opposite stands true there is limited research and services available to women who experience sexual violence as an adult (Wadeson, 2010; Black, et.al, 2010; Calhoun & Atkeson, 1991). Due to shame, guilt, or other complexities of their situation, women who experience sexual violence as adults often do not seek counseling beyond the immediate crisis services that are rendered (Black et.al, 2010; Calhoun & Atkeson, 1991; Hilberman, 1976). Victims often will adapt or attempt to cope with their trauma until their symptoms worsen, at which time they are forced to seek mental health treatment (Wadeson’ 2010; Pifalo, 2007; Tripp, 2007; Calhoun & Atkeson, 1991). Victims of sexual violence should have access to treatment that is tailored specifically to address their sexual trauma, including mental health treatment that will acknowledge their feelings of isolation and that assists in healing from their traumatic experience that has changed or altered how they view themselves and the world. After review of the most commonly used treatment models for trauma, group art therapy presents promising potential as an effective treatment model for adult female victims of sexual violence experiencing post-traumatic trauma symptoms.
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    The International Sexual Health And REproductive Health during COVID-19 (I-SHARE) Study: A Multicountry Analysis of Adults from 30 Countries Prior to and During the Initial Coronavirus Disease 2019 Wave
    (Oxford University Press, 2022) Toller Erausquin, Jennifer; Tan, Rayner K.J.; Uhlich, Maximiliane; Francis, Joel M.; Kumar, Navin; Campbell, Linda; Zhang, Wei Hong; Hlatshwako, Takhona G.; Kosana, Priya; Shah, Sonam; Brenner, Erica M.; Remmerie, Lore; Mussa, Aamirah; Klapilova, Katerina; Mark, Kristen; Perotta, Gabriela; Gabster, Amanda; Wouters, Edwin; Burns, Sharyn; Hendriks, Jacqueline; Hensel, Devon J.; Shamu, Simukai; Strizzi, Jenna Marie; Esho, Tammary; Morroni, Chelsea; Eleuteri, Stefano; Sahril, Norhafiza; Low, Wah Yun; Plasilova, Leona; Lazdane, Gunta; Marks, Michael; Olumide, Adesola; Abdelhamed, Amr; López Gómez, Alejandra; Michielsen, Kristien; Moreau, Caroline; Tucker, Joseph D.; International Sexual Health And REproductive Health during COVID-19 Research Consortium; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Background: There is limited evidence to date about changes to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) during the initial wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To address this gap, our team organized a multicountry, cross-sectional online survey as part of a global consortium. Methods: Consortium research teams conducted online surveys in 30 countries. Sampling methods included convenience, online panels, and population-representative. Primary outcomes included sexual behaviors, partner violence, and SRH service use, and we compared 3 months prior to and during policy measures to mitigate COVID-19. We conducted meta-analyses for primary outcomes and graded the certainty of the evidence. Results: Among 4546 respondents with casual partners, condom use stayed the same for 3374 (74.4%), and 640 (14.1%) reported a decline. Fewer respondents reported physical or sexual partner violence during COVID-19 measures (1063 of 15 144, 7.0%) compared to before COVID-19 measures (1469 of 15 887, 9.3%). COVID-19 measures impeded access to condoms (933 of 10 790, 8.7%), contraceptives (610 of 8175, 7.5%), and human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted infection (HIV/STI) testing (750 of 1965, 30.7%). Pooled estimates from meta-analysis indicate that during COVID-19 measures, 32.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.9%-42.1%) of people needing HIV/STI testing had hindered access, 4.4% (95% CI, 3.4%-5.4%) experienced partner violence, and 5.8% (95% CI, 5.4%-8.2%) decreased casual partner condom use (moderate certainty of evidence for each outcome). Meta-analysis findings were robust in sensitivity analyses that examined country income level, sample size, and sampling strategy. Conclusions: Open science methods are feasible to organize research studies as part of emergency responses. The initial COVID-19 wave impacted SRH behaviors and access to services across diverse global settings.