Browsing by Subject "Quality of Life"
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Item Concurrent validity of the short-form Family Impact Scale (FIS-8) in 4-year-old US children(Springer, 2022-07-04) Thomson , W. M.; Foster Page , L. A.; Levy , S. M.; Keels , M. A.; Hara , A. T.; Fontana , M.; Biomedical and Applied Sciences, School of DentistryBackground US data on the validity and reliability of the short-form Family Impact Scale (FIS-8; a scale for measuring the impact of a child’s oral condition on his/her family) are lacking. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of data on four-year-old US children taking part in a multi-center cohort study. For child-caregiver dyads recruited at child age 12 months, the impact of the child’s oral condition on the family was assessed at age 48 months using the FIS-8, with a subsample of 422 caregivers (from 686 who were approached). Internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s α, with concurrent validity assessed against a global family impact item (“How much are your family’s daily lives affected by your child’s teeth, lips, jaws or mouth?”) and a global oral health item (“How would you describe the health of your child’s teeth and mouth?”). Results Cronbach’s alpha was 0.83. Although gradients in mean scores across ordinal response categories of the global family impact item were inconsistent, there were marked, consistent gradients across the ordinal categories of the global item on the child’s oral health, with scores highest for those rating their child’s oral health as ‘Poor’. Conclusions While the findings provide some evidence for the utility of the FIS in a US child sample, the study’s replication in samples of preschoolers with greater disease experience would be useful.Item Decreasing Phantom Limb Pain for Amputees with Phantom Limb Pain and Brachial Plexus Avulsions Through Various Therapy Interventions: A Systematic Review(2021-04-30) Stevens, Sydney; Hoseinpour, Niki; Martin, Kylee; Stuckwisch, Devin; Barker, Haylee; Kramer, Martina; Chase, Tony; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Human SciencesThis rapid systematic review of the literature discusses the evidence of studies related to effective occupational therapy interventions in reducing phantom limb pain (PLP) due to amputations and brachial plexus avulsions (BPA). This review provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of 30 studies that addressed many of the interventions commonly used in phantom limb pain rehabilitation. Phantom limb pain is a painful sensation perceived in the absence of a limb or in a deafferented limb. Suffering from acute or chronic pain can decrease engagement and performance in meaningful occupations. Overall, we found moderate evidence to support the effectiveness of various therapy interventions for decreasing PLP in individuals with amputations and BPAs.Item Depressive Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Participants in the Pasos Adelante Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Program, Arizona, 2005-2008(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012) Cutshaw, Christina A.; Staten, Lisa K.; Reinschmidt, Kerstin M.; Davidson, Christopher; Roe, Denise J.Introduction Chronic diseases are the leading causes of death in the United States and have been associated with depressive symptoms and poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This study examined whether depressive symptoms and HRQOL indicators changed among participants in Pasos Adelante, a chronic disease prevention and control program implemented in a US–Mexico border community. Methods Pasos Adelante was a 12-week promotora-led program that included educational sessions and walking groups. We used the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Center for Disease Control’s “Healthy Days” measures to measure depressive symptoms and HRQOL. We used linear mixed-effects models and general estimating equations to analyze changes in CES-D scores and HRQOL indicators from baseline to postprogram and from postprogram to 3-month follow-up. Results At baseline, participants had a mean of 7.1 physically unhealthy days, 7.4 mentally unhealthy days, and 3.9 days of activity limitation. The mean number of physically and mentally unhealthy days declined significantly from baseline to postprogram, but the mean number of activity limitation days did not. At baseline, 42.6% of participants reported their health as fair/poor; 20.8% of participants reported frequent mental distress, and 31.8% had a CES-D score of 16 or more. All 3 proportions declined from baseline to postprogram. No significant changes occurred between postprogram and follow-up. Conclusion Participants in Pasos Adelante showed improvement in depressive symptoms and several HRQOL indicators. Future studies should use an experimental design with a comparison group to determine whether these findings can be replicated and to examine potential mediators and moderators of program effects.Item Finding the elusive balance between reducing fatigue and enhancing education: perspectives from American residents(Springer (Biomed Central Ltd.), 2014) Hanna, John; Gutteridge, Daniel; Kudithipudi, Venu; Department of Medicine, IU School of MedicineDuty hour restrictions for residency training were implemented in the United States to improve residents' educational experience and quality of life, as well as to improve patient care and safety; however, these restrictions are by no means problem-free. In this paper, we discuss the positive and negative aspects of duty hour restrictions, briefly highlighting research on the impact of reduced duty hours and the experiences of American residents. We also consider whether certain specialties (e.g., Emergency Medicine, Radiology) may be more amenable than others (e.g., Surgery) to duty hour restrictions. We conclude that feedback from residents is a crucial element that must be considered in any future attempts to strike a balance between reducing fatigue and enhancing education.Item Group Reminiscence Therapy: Improving Quality of Life and Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults in Assisted-Living(2022-04-29) Gordon, Madeline R; DeRolf, Annie; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences; Mize, CallieOlder adults living in residential facilities are at greater risk for decreased quality of life and increased depressive symptoms compared to their community-dwelling counterparts. Research has shown that psychotherapies, such as group reminiscence therapy, can have a positive effect on these domains. This capstone project used survey methods to analyze and assess quality of life and depression in older adults residing in an assisted-living facility before and after participation in a six-week structured group reminiscence therapy program. There were seven people who completed a pre- and post-survey to assess self-reported quality of life and depression preceding and following participation in the group program. Data was analyzed using a paired-samples t-test. There were statistically significant differences in both quality of life and depressive symptoms after participating in a biweekly group program over a period of six weeks. The capstone student developed a group reminiscence therapy binder and provided education to the therapy staff surrounding the use of group reminiscence therapy, how to plan and implement the program, and the results of the project to promote sustainability at the capstone site. The results support the importance placed upon addressing quality of life and depression in residential-living older adults, and emphasize the use of group reminiscence therapy on improving these domains.Item Group variable selection via convex log-exp-sum penalty with application to a breast cancer survivor study(Wiley Blackwell (Blackwell Publishing), 2015-03) Geng, Zhigeng; Wang, Sijian; Yu, Menggang; Monahan, Patrick O.; Champion, Victoria; Wahba, Grace; Biostatistics, School of Public HealthIn many scientific and engineering applications, covariates are naturally grouped. When the group structures are available among covariates, people are usually interested in identifying both important groups and important variables within the selected groups. Among existing successful group variable selection methods, some methods fail to conduct the within group selection. Some methods are able to conduct both group and within group selection, but the corresponding objective functions are non-convex. Such a non-convexity may require extra numerical effort. In this article, we propose a novel Log-Exp-Sum(LES) penalty for group variable selection. The LES penalty is strictly convex. It can identify important groups as well as select important variables within the group. We develop an efficient group-level coordinate descent algorithm to fit the model. We also derive non-asymptotic error bounds and asymptotic group selection consistency for our method in the high-dimensional setting where the number of covariates can be much larger than the sample size. Numerical results demonstrate the good performance of our method in both variable selection and prediction. We applied the proposed method to an American Cancer Society breast cancer survivor dataset. The findings are clinically meaningful and may help design intervention programs to improve the qualify of life for breast cancer survivors.Item Heart Failure Family Caregivers: Psychometrics of a New Quality of Life Scale and Variables Associated with Caregiving Outcomes(2007-09-21T13:58:18Z) Nauser, Julie Ann; Bakas, TamilynThe number of patients with chronic heart failure (HF) is at an all-time high and the incidence is expected to increase as our population ages. HF patients experience impaired cognition, exertional shortness of breath, and persistent fatigue; therefore, family members are needed to assist with their care at home. Although existing literature suggests that HF caregivers experience negative physical, mental, and social outcomes, there is a lack of studies guided by a conceptual model to determine factors associated with these outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with HF caregiver depressive symptoms, life changes, and quality of life guided by a conceptual model derived from Lazarus and colleagues’ transactional approach to stress. Psychometric properties of a new HF caregiver-specific quality of life (HFCQL) scale were also determined. Using a descriptive design, a convenience sample of 100 HF caregivers was interviewed by telephone using established measures along with the new HFCQL scale. The 16-item HFCQL scale, which measures physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being demonstrated evidence of internal consistency reliability (alpha = .89); 2-week test-retest reliability (ICC = .83); construct validity, as evaluated with factor analysis (loadings > .32) and hierarchical multiple regression (59% variance, p < .001); and criterion validity, as shown with significant (p < .001) correlations with the Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale (r = .73), SF-36 general and mental health (r = .45; .59), and a single overall QOL item (r = .71). Using hierarchical multiple regression, the model constructs accounted for 35% variance of depressive symptoms, 46% variance of life changes, and 59% variance of HFCQL (p < .001). Factors significantly associated with these outcomes included caregiving task difficulty, uncertainty, social support, and threat appraisal. Support for the conceptual model was provided, and potential areas for intervention development were identified. The new HFCQL scale showed potential as a quality outcome measure in HF caregivers, and might be used to screen HF caregivers for poor quality of life. Further research using the proposed conceptual model and the HFCQL scale is warranted. Tamilyn Bakas, DNS, RN, ChairItem Interventions to improve the physical function of ICU survivors: a systematic review(American College of Chest Physicians, 2013-11) Calvo-Ayala, Enrique; Khan, Babar A.; Farber, Mark O.; Ely, E. Wesley; Boustani, Malaz A.; Medicine, School of MedicineBACKGROUND: ICU admissions are ever increasing across the United States. Following critical illness, physical functioning (PF) may be impaired for up to 5 years. We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of interventions targeting PF among ICU survivors. The objective of this study was to identify effective interventions that improve long-term PF in ICU survivors. METHODS: MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Physiotherapy Evidence-Based Database (PEDro) were searched between 1990 and 2012. Two reviewers independently evaluated studies for eligibility, critically appraised the included studies, and extracted data into standardized evidence tables. RESULTS: Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Interventions included exercise/physical therapy (PT), parenteral nutrition, nurse-led follow-up, spontaneous awakening trials, absence of sedation during mechanical ventilation, and early tracheotomy. Nine studies failed to demonstrate efficacy on PF of the ICU survivors. However, early physical exercise and PT-based interventions had a positive effect on long-term PF. CONCLUSIONS: The only effective intervention to improve long-term PF in critically ill patients is exercise/PT; its benefit may be greater if started earlier. Further research in this area comparing different interventions and timing is needed.Item Quality of Life and Cultural Tourism Investment: A Case Study of Indianapolis, Indiana(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2013-04-05) Hji-Avgoustis, SotirisThis study explores issues concerning cultural tourism investment and resident quality of life in Indianapolis, Indiana. It is important to understand from a cultural tourism perspective how further attempts to grow and invest in tourism will affect resident perception of quality of life and future cultural tourism investment. To achieve this goal, data from the 2012 Indianapolis Quality of Life survey was statistically analyzed to specifically examine how residents’ perceived quality of life affects cultural tourism investment. This allows for the study of what city-service attributes (i.e. safety, attractions, transportation, et cetera) identify as potential indicators of whether residents’ perception of quality of life affects cultural tourism investment and if there were any correlations between demographic factors of age, gender, ethnicity, and household income with the perception that investing in cultural events and attractions for tourists is good for residents. Results indicated that several key city-service attributes identify as potential indicators of whether residents’ perception of quality of life in Indianapolis affects residents’ perceptions that investing in cultural tourism for tourists is good for residents. In addition, several key city-service attributes identified as potential indicators of residents’ perception of quality of life in Indianapolis excluding perceptions of cultural tourism investment. Finally, results indicated that demographic factors of gender, age, ethnicity, and income were not significant when it came to affecting the perception that investing in cultural events and attractions for tourists is good for residents.Item Quality of Life in Partners of Young and Old Breast Cancer Survivors(Wolters Kluwer, 2018-11) Cohee, Andrea A.; Bigatti, Silvia M.; Shields, Cleveland G.; Johns, Shelley A.; Stump, Timothy; Monahan, Patrick O.; Champion, Victoria L.; School of NursingBackground: Partners of breast cancer survivors experience the effects of a spouse's cancer years after treatment. Partners of younger survivors (YP) may experience greater problems than partners of older survivors (OP), just as younger survivors experience greater problems than their older counterparts. Objectives: To 1) compare quality of life (QoL) in YP and OP, and 2) determine contributing factors to each group's QoL. Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from YP (n=227) and OP (n=281) through self-report. MANOVA was used to determine differences between YP and OP on QoL while controlling for covariates. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine what contributes to each group's QoL. Results: YP reported better physical function (effect size (ES)= -0.57), lower marital satisfaction (ES=0.39), and lower overall QoL (ES=0.43) than partners of older survivors. Predictors of QoL also differed between partner groups. For YP, overall QoL was predicted by greater physical functioning, fewer depressive symptoms, higher marital satisfaction, higher parenting satisfaction, and more personal resources. R2= .47; F(5, 195)= 35.05; p<.001. For OP, overall QoL was predicted by fewer depressive symptoms, higher parenting satisfaction, higher spirituality, and greater social support from the breast cancer survivor spouse. R2= .33; F(4, 244)= 29.80; p<.001. Conclusions: OP reported greater QoL than YP. Common factors contributing to QoL between YP and OP were fewer depressive symptoms and higher parenting satisfaction. Implications for Practice: Partners of breast cancer survivors may need support coping with their spouse’s/partner’s cancer. Partners of younger survivors may require more support than partners of older survivors.