Browsing by Subject "Pharmaceuticals"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Access to Knowledge in Brazil: New Research on Intellectual Property, Innovation and Development
    (Bloomsbury Academic, 2010) Shaver, Lea
    Access to knowledge is a demand for democratic participation, for global inclusion and for economic justice. It is a reaction to the excessively restrictive international IP regime put in place over the last two decades, which seeks to reassert the public interest in a more balanced information policy. With sponsorship from the Ford Foundation, the Information Society Project at Yale Law School has embarked on a new series of access to knowledge research, in partnership with colleagues in Brazil, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Russia and South Africa. The first book in this series, Access to Knowledge in Brazil, focuses on current issues in intellectual property, innovation and development policy from a Brazilian perspective. Each chapter is authored by scholars from the Fundação Getulio Vargas law schools in São Paolo and Rio de Janeiro and examines a policy area that significantly impacts access to knowledge in the country. These include: exceptions and limitations to copyright, free software and open business models, patent reform and access to medicines, and open innovation in the biotechnology sector.
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    Access to Knowledge in Egypt: New Research on Intellectual Property, Innovation and Development
    (Bloomsbury Academic, 2010) Shaver, Lea; Rizk, Nagla
    The conventional wisdom in Egypt examines the issue of intellectual property solely as a question of policing and enforcement. The high levels of protection indicated by the WTO Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights are unquestioningly assumed to be desirable. Policy debates - and all too often academic ones as well - focus only on the questions of how to more efficiently tighten IP protection and crack down on piracy. Yet a more critical examination is urgently needed, whereby IP law, policy, and practice are viewed from a development perspective, rather than from an enforcement perspective. This volume takes on this endeavor. It offers the first examination of IP issues in Egypt adopting a multidisciplinary bottom-up approach that aims at maximizing access and contribution to knowledge, and in turn, promoting development. Bringing rigorous empirical research to bear on unquestioned ideologies, the collaborating authors question the conventional wisdom that more IP protection is necessarily better for innovation and development.
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    New Standard of Pharmaceutical Procurement after COVID-19
    (2022-12-16) Mook, Kayla; Ray, Veto M.; Koo, Dan; Dalir, Hamid
    Coronavirus, also known as, COVID-19, formed the new standard of pharmaceutical procurement today. Since the pandemic's start, the pharmaceutical industry has changed from purchasing scientific materials for daily lab use to purchasing in bulk in fear of manufacturers running out. The pandemic is still affecting production delays two years later. These product delays stem from a lack of raw materials for production, shipping delays, and increased demand. Therefore, Avantor and Johnson & Johnson have to find a solution to purchasing and obtaining products for lab services. If not, then the company will lose the contract. With the lab services that Avantor provides for Johnson & Johnson, lab products must be delivered on time to meet scientists' deadlines for their studies. To meet these deadlines, Avantor is testing new approaches to procurement business. One solution so far in motion is keeping purchased products off-site at a designated location. Another goal of this study is to find local vendors that will be an improvement in finding more resources to keep up with inventory demand. In addition to large orders, having three approved alternatives on stand-by is necessary. Utilizing the barcodes that show approved alternatives when checking inventory will be beneficial. Financially, this complicates business with scientists. If Avantor does not deliver material on time for a study, the customer (Johnson & Johnson) will go elsewhere to find the products and potentially contact a competitor company. It is imperative to have supplies on hand ready to be used to maintain good standing with the customer.
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    Total Synthesis of Naturally Occurring 5,7,8-Trioxygenated Homoisoflavonoids
    (American Chemical Society, 2020-05-06) Kwon, Sangil; Lee, Sanha; Heo, Myunghoe; Lee, Bit; Fei, Xiang; Corson, Timothy W.; Seo, Seung-Yong; Ophthalmology, School of Medicine
    Homoisoflavonoids are in the subclass of the larger family of flavonoids but have one more alkyl carbon than flavonoids. Among them, 5,7,8-trioxygenated homoisoflavonoids have not been extensively studied for synthesis and biological evaluation. Our current objective is to synthesize 2 5,7,8-trioxygenated chroman-4-ones and 12 5,7,8-trioxygenated homoisoflavonoids that have been isolated from the plants Bellevalia eigii, Drimiopsis maculata, Ledebouria graminifolia, Eucomis autumnalis, Eucomis punctata, Eucomis pallidiflora, Chionodoxa luciliae, Muscari comosum, and Dracaena cochinchinensis. For this purpose, 1,3,4,5-tetramethoxybenzene and 4'-benzyloxy-2',3'-dimethoxy-6'-hydroxyacetophenone were used as starting materials. Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation using Noyori's Ru catalyst provided 5,7,8-trioxygenated-3-benzylchroman-4-ones with R-configuration in high yield and enantiomeric excess. By selective deprotection of homoisoflavonoids using BCl3, the total synthesis of natural products including 10 first syntheses and three asymmetric syntheses has been completed, and three isomers of the reported dracaeconolide B could be provided. Our research on 5,7,8-trioxygenated homoisoflavonoids would be useful for the synthesis of related natural products and pharmacological applications.