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Browsing by Subject "Glaucoma, Open-Angle"
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Item Differences in ocular blood flow in glaucoma between patients of African and European descent(Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer) - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015-02) Siesky, Brent; Harris, Alon; Racette, Lyne; Abassi, Rania; Chandrasekhar, Kaarthik; Tobe, Leslie A.; Behzadi, Jennifer; Eckert, George; Amireskandari, Annahita; Muchnik, Michael; Department of Ophthalmology, IU School of MedicinePURPOSE: To investigate differences in ocular blood flow in individuals of African descent (AD) and European descent (ED) with open angle glaucoma (OAG). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective data analysis was performed on OAG patients of AD and ED who were previously examined for ocular blood flow within the Department of Ophthalmology at Indiana University School of Medicine. Data analysis included blood pressure, heart rate, visual fields, intraocular pressure, ocular perfusion pressure, and color Doppler imaging of retrobulbar vessels. Color Doppler imaging measurements were performed on ophthalmic, central retinal, and nasal and temporal short posterior ciliary arteries, with peak systolic (PSV) and end diastolic velocities (EDV) as well as the Pourcelot vascular resistive index calculated for each vessel. Two-sample t tests of unequal variance were performed with P values <0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS: OAG patients of AD had statistically significant lower retrobulbar blood flow values than patients of ED including lower ophthalmic artery PSV (P=0.0001), ophthalmic artery EDV (P=0.0008), central retinal artery PSV (P=0.01), temporal short posterior ciliary artery PSV (P=0.0037), and nasal short posterior ciliary artery PSV (P<0.0001). No significant differences were found in terms of intraocular pressure or visual field parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Significantly lower blood flow values were identified in all retrobulbar blood vessels in AD compared with ED OAG patients. These findings suggest that the contribution of ocular blood flow to the disease process may be different in AD compared with ED OAG patients.Item Literature review and meta-analysis of translaminar pressure difference in open-angle glaucoma(Nature Publishing Group, 2015-10) Siaudvytyte, L.; Januleviciene, I.; Daveckaite, A.; Ragauskas, A.; Bartusis, L.; Kucinoviene, J.; Siesky, B.; Harris, A.; Department of Ophthalmology, IU School of MedicineThere is increasing evidence in the literature regarding translaminar pressure difference's (TPD) role in the pathophysiology of glaucoma. The optic nerve is exposed not only to intraocular pressure in the eye, but also to intracranial pressure (ICP), as it is surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space. Although pilot studies have identified the potential importance of TPD in glaucoma, limited available data currently prevent a comprehensive description of the role that TPD may have in glaucomatous pathophysiology. In this review, we present all available qualified data from a systematic review of the literature of the role of TPD in open-angle glaucoma (OAG). PubMed (Medline), OVID Medline, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and all available library databases were reviewed and subsequent meta-analysis of pooled mean differences are presented where appropriate. Five papers including 396 patients met criteria for inclusion to the analysis. Importantly, we included all observational studies despite differences in ICP measurement methods, as there is no consensus regarding best-practice ICP measurements in glaucoma. Our results show that not only TPD is higher in glaucoma patients compared with healthy subjects, it is related to structural glaucomatous changes of the optic disc. Our analysis suggests further longitudinal prospective studies are needed to investigate the influence of TPD in OAG, with a goal of overcoming methodological weaknesses of previous studies.Item Prediction accuracy of a novel dynamic structure-function model for glaucoma progression(Association for Research in Vision and Opthalmology, 2014-12) Hu, Rongrong; Marín-Franch, Iván; Racette, Lyne; Department of Ophthalmology, IU School of MedicinePURPOSE: To assess the prediction accuracy of a novel dynamic structure-function (DSF) model to monitor glaucoma progression. METHODS: Longitudinal data of paired rim area (RA) and mean sensitivity (MS) from 220 eyes with ocular hypertension or primary open-angle glaucoma enrolled in the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study or the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study were included. Rim area and MS were expressed as percent of mean normal based on an independent dataset of 91 healthy eyes. The DSF model uses centroids as estimates of the current state of the disease and velocity vectors as estimates of direction and rate of change over time. The first three visits were used to predict the fourth visit; the first four visits were used to predict the fifth visit, and so on up to the 11th visit. The prediction error (PE) was compared to that of ordinary least squares linear regression (OLSLR) using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: For predictions at visit 4 to visit 7, the average PE for the DSF model was significantly lower than OLSLR by 1.19% to 3.42% of mean normal. No significant difference was observed for the predictions at visit 8 to visit 11. The DSF model had lower PE than OLSLR for 70% of eyes in predicting visit 4 and approximately 60% in predicting visits 5, 6, and 7. CONCLUSIONS: The two models had similar prediction capabilities, and the DSF model performed better in shorter time series. The DSF model could be clinically useful when only limited follow-ups are available. (ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00221923, NCT00221897.).Item Reply to: ‘TLP: a premature concept'(SpringerNature, 2016-01) Januleviciene, I.; Siaudvytyte, L.; Daveckaite, A.; Ragauskas, A.; Siesky, B.; Harris, A.; Department of Ophthalmology, IU School of MedicineItem Vascular considerations in glaucoma patients of African and European descent(Wiley Blackwell (Blackwell Publishing), 2014-08) Huck, Andrew; Harris, Alon; Siesky, Brent; Kim, Nathaniel; Muchnik, Michael; Kanakamedala, Priyanka; Amireskandari, Annahita; Abrams-Tobe, Leslie; Department of Ophthalmology, IU School of MedicineGlaucoma is the leading cause of blindness in individuals of African descent (AD). While open-angle glaucoma (OAG) disproportionately affects individuals of AD compared with persons of European descent (ED), the physiological mechanisms behind this disparity are largely unknown. The more rapid progression and greater severity of the disease in persons of AD further raise the concern for identifying these underlying differences in disease pathophysiology between AD and ED glaucoma patients. Ocular structural differences between AD and ED patients, including larger optic disc area, cup:disc ratio and thinner corneas, have been found. AD individuals are also disproportionately affected by systemic vascular diseases, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, stroke and diabetes mellitus. Abnormal ocular blood flow has been implicated as a risk factor for glaucoma, and pilot research is beginning to identify localized ocular vascular differences between AD and ED OAG patients. Given the known systemic vascular deficits and the relationship between glaucoma and ocular blood flow, exploring these concepts in terms of glaucoma risk factors may have a significant impact in elucidating the mechanisms behind the disease disparity in the AD population.