Browsing by Subject "End-stage renal disease"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    A Comparative Analysis of Bleeding Peptic Ulcers in Hospitalizations With and Without End-Stage Renal Disease
    (Elmer Press, 2023) Dahiya, Dushyant Singh; Mandoorah, Sohaib; Gangwani, Manesh Kumar; Ali, Hassam; Merza, Nooraldin; Aziz, Muhammad; Singh, Amandeep; Perisetti, Abhilash; Garg, Rajat; Cheng, Chin-I; Dutta, Priyata; Inamdar, Sumant; Sanaka, Madhusudhan R.; Al-Haddad, Mohammad; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are highly susceptible to peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB). We aimed to assess the influence of ESRD status on PUB hospitalizations in the United States (USA). Methods: We analyzed the National Inpatient Sample to identify all adult PUB hospitalizations in the USA from 2007 to 2014, which were divided into two subgroups based on the presence or absence of ESRD. Hospitalization characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared. Furthermore, predictors of inpatient mortality for PUB hospitalizations with ESRD were identified. Results: Between 2007 and 2014, there were 351,965 PUB hospitalizations with ESRD compared to 2,037,037 non-ESRD PUB hospitalizations. PUB ESRD hospitalizations had a higher mean age (71.6 vs. 63.6 years, P < 0.001), and proportion of ethnic minorities i.e., Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians compared to the non-ESRD cohort. We also noted higher all-cause inpatient mortality (5.4% vs. 2.6%, P < 0.001), rates of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) (20.7% vs. 19.1%, P < 0.001), and mean length of stay (LOS) (8.2 vs. 6 days, P < 0.001) for PUB ESRD hospitalizations compared to the non-ESRD cohort. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, Whites with ESRD had higher odds of mortality from PUB compared to Blacks. Furthermore, the odds of inpatient mortality from PUB decreased by 0.6% for every 1-year increase in age for hospitalizations with ESRD. Compared to the 2011 - 2014 study period, the 2007 - 2010 period had 43.7% higher odds (odds ratio (OR): 0.696, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.645 - 0.751) of inpatient mortality for PUB hospitalizations with ESRD. Conclusions: PUB hospitalizations with ESRD had higher inpatient mortality, EGD utilization, and mean LOS compared to non-ESRD PUB hospitalizations.
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    The cardiovascular-dialysis nexus: the transition to dialysis is a treacherous time for the heart
    (Oxford University Press, 2021) Chan, Kevin; Moe, Sharon M.; Saran, Rajiv; Libby, Peter; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients require dialysis to manage the progressive complications of uraemia. Yet, many physicians and patients do not recognize that dialysis initiation, although often necessary, subjects patients to substantial risk for cardiovascular (CV) death. While most recognize CV mortality risk approximately doubles with CKD the new data presented here show that this risk spikes to >20 times higher than the US population average at the initiation of chronic renal replacement therapy, and this elevated CV risk continues through the first 4 months of dialysis. Moreover, this peak reflects how dialysis itself changes the pathophysiology of CV disease and transforms its presentation, progression, and prognosis. This article reviews how dialysis initiation modifies the interpretation of circulating biomarkers, alters the accuracy of CV imaging, and worsens prognosis. We advocate a multidisciplinary approach and outline the issues practitioners should consider to optimize CV care for this unique and vulnerable population during a perilous passage.
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    Existing Transplant Nephrology Compensation Models and Opportunities for Equitable Pay
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2022) Josephson, Michelle A.; Wiseman, Alexander C.; Tucker, J. Kevin; Segal, Mark S.; Schmidt, Rebecca J.; Mujtaba, Muhammad A.; Gurley, Susan B.; Gaston, Robert S.; Doshi, Mona D.; Brennan, Daniel C.; Moe, Sharon M.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    The American Society of Nephrology (ASN) formed the ASN Task Force on Academic Nephrologist Compensation and Productivity in 2020 to understand how the subspecialty is evolving and where there are needs for alignment in compensation in US transplant centers. The task force's review of the roles and responsibilities of transplant nephrologists is in the companion perspective (1). Transplant nephrologists are required for successful kidney transplantation, the ideal treatment from a survival and quality-of-life perspective for patients with kidney failure (2,3). Unfortunately, work relative value unit (wRVU) requirements for compensation models vary tremendously across institutions and limit the ability to adequately staff programs. This article addresses transplant nephrology models of care, how different models affect funds flow and compensation, and opportunities to more equitably compensate transplant nephrologists.
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    Expanded Utility of Human Acellular Vessel in Hemodialysis Access Surgery and Arterial Aneurysm Repair
    (Springer Nature, 2023-10-01) Nickerson, Margaret C.; Thamba, Aish; Rao, Varun; Peterson, David B.; Peterson, David A.; Cuddy, Duangnapa S.; Surgery, School of Medicine
    Vascular access is essential for hemodialysis (HD) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). When the standard of care arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is limited, secondary to aneurysmal degeneration, trauma, and thrombus, interposition grafting is a reasonable reconstruction approach. As these grafts and comorbidities place ESRD patients at sustained risk of complications, reconstructions with regenerative medicine biologic conduits hold promise in improving safety and efficacy. Here, a biocompatible human acellular vessel (HAV) is our conduit of interest. With United States Food and Drug Administration use authorization under the Expanded Access Program, we report three cases of complex vascular access surgery with four aneurysm repairs using HAV. Patient selection focused on meeting unmet needs for those without adequate care alternatives, including active access and endoprosthetic stent graft infections, right heart failure due to high-output AVF, and arterial and access outflow aneurysms. In this high-risk expanded access population, operative technical success and interval success for patients given their inherent comorbidities, offer potential expanded utility of HAV in HD access surgery and arterial aneurysm repair.
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    Food Insecurity During COVID-19 in Children with End-Stage Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study
    (BMC, 2022-07-15) Chan, Melvin; Mokiao, Reya; Wilson, Amy C.; Pottanat, Neha; Hingorani, Sangeeta; Starr, Michelle C.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Background: Food insecurity, an important social determinant of health among children, has become more common during the COVID-19 pandemic. Children with chronic diseases including end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are at higher risk of food insecurity due to their complex care needs, medication burden, and dietary restrictions. No data exists describing food insecurity prevalence in pediatric ESKD patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Food insecurity was assessed among families of children (age 0-18 years) with ESKD on chronic dialysis at two pediatric academic medical centers. Families were screened in April 2020 using the Hunger Vital Sign, a validated 2-question screening tool. We assessed impact of COVID-19 on food insecurity. We compared serum phosphorus "pre-COVID" (January/February 2020) to "during COVID" (April/May 2020). Results: A total of 29 families enrolled in this study. 62% (18/29) of children with ESKD lived in food insecure households, and of those, 72% (13/18) reported that COVID-19 had worsened their food insecurity status. During the COVID-19 pandemic, food insecure patients experienced greater rise in their serum phosphorus levels (1.1 mg/dL vs. 0 mg/dL, p = 0.03) and decreased likelihood of having adequate phosphorus control (50% vs. 11%, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Food insecurity was common among children with ESKD on chronic dialysis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Children with food insecurity had a greater increase in their phosphorus levels during the pandemic than did food secure children. Further exploration into how food resources such as an onsite food pantry impacts food insecurity and phosphorus control in children with ESKD is essential.
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    Healthcare outcomes in undocumented immigrants undergoing two emergency dialysis approaches

    (Dustri-Verlag, 2017-10) Sher, S. Jawad; Aftab, Waqas; Moorthi, Ranjani N.; Moe, Sharon M.; Weaver, Christopher S.; Messina, Frank C.; Martinez-Hoover, Nancy M.; Anderson, Melissa D.; Eadon, Michael T.; Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine
    BACKGROUND: Current estimates suggest 6,500 undocumented end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients in the United States are ineligible for scheduled hemodialysis and require emergent dialysis. In order to remain in compliance with Emergency Medicaid, an academic health center altered its emergency dialysis criteria from those emphasizing interdialytic interval to a set emphasizing numerical thresholds. We report the impact of this administrative change on the biochemical parameters, utilization, and adverse outcomes in an undocumented patient cohort. METHODS: This retrospective case series examines 19 undocumented ESRD patients during a 6-month transition divided into three 2-month periods (P1, P2, P3). In P1, patients received emergent dialysis based on interdialytic interval and clinical judgment. In P2 (early transition) and P3 (equilibrium), patients were dialyzed according to strict numerical criteria coupled with clinical judgment. RESULTS: Emergent criteria-based dialysis (P2 and P3) was associated with increased potassium, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and acidosis as compared to P1 (p < 0.05). Overnight hospitalizations were more common in P2 and P3 (p < 0.05). More frequent adverse events were noted in P2 as compared to P1 and P3, with an odds ratio (OR) for the composite endpoint (intubation, bacteremia, myocardial infarction, intensive care unit admission) of 48 (5.9 - 391.2) and 16.5 (2.5 - 108.6), respectively. Per-patient reimbursement-to-cost ratios increased during criteria-based dialysis periods (P1: 1.49, P2: 2.3, P3: 2.49). DISCUSSION: Strict adherence to criteria-based dialysis models increases biochemical abnormalities while improving Medicaid reimbursement for undocumented immigrants. Alternatives to emergent dialysis are required which minimize cost, while maintaining dignity, safety, and quality of life.

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    The Importance of Transplant Nephrology to a Successful Kidney Transplant Program
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2022) Moe, Sharon M.; Brennan, Daniel C.; Doshi, Mona D.; Gaston, Robert S.; Gurley, Susan B.; Mujtaba, Muhammad A.; Schmidt, Rebecca J.; Segal, Mark S.; Tucker, J. Kevin; Wiseman, Alexander C.; Josephson, Michelle A.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Nephrologists are responsible for the care of patients with a diverse array of systemic diseases, comorbidities, and kidney issues across a variety of service locations (clinic, inpatient, dialysis unit). As the field of nephrology becomes increasingly complex, there has been a need for advanced training and subspecialization, similar to the transformation cardiology experienced with heart failure, electrophysiology, and interventional cardiology. As a result, the American Society of Nephrology (ASN) formed the ASN Task Force on Academic Nephrologist Compensation and Productivity to begin to understand the needed transformation, especially as it relates to assessing clinical productivity and compensation. Members of the task force included nephrology division chiefs, transplant program directors, and transplant nephrologists, representing academic and community transplant programs across the United States. The group met virtually throughout 2021 to discuss specific job functions, roles, responsibilities, and compensation models, and the discussion and conclusions follow. The flow of transplant funds from the hospital to the physician and transplant nephrology models of care are further discussed in a companion Perspective.