Browsing by Subject "Cytokine storm"

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    Coagulopathy as a Prodrome of Cytokine Storm in COVID-19-Infected Patients
    (Frontiers in Medicine, 2020-10) Guo, Hui; Sheng, Ying; Li, Wei; Li, Fei; Xie, Zongyu; Li, Jing; Zhu, Yuhe; Geng, Jian; Liu, Gang; Wang, LeJian; Li, Jing; Wang, Fengchao; School of Nursing
    Background The rapid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has hit hard on the world and causes panic since the virus causes serious respiratory infectious illness and easily leads to severe conditions such as immune system overactivation or cytokine storm. Due to the limited knowledge of this infectious course of this coronavirus and a lack of an effective treatment for this fatal disease, the mortality remains high. The emergence of cytokine storm in patients on severe condition has been reported as the top reason of the death of patients with COVID-19 infection. However, the causative mechanism of cytokine storm remains elusive. Thus, we aim to observe the association of coagulopathy (D-dimer) with cytokine (i.e. IL-6) and CT imaging in COVID-19 infected patients. Methods In this retrospective observational study, we systematically analyzed the comprehensive clinical laboratory data of COVID-19 positive patients in different illness groups of mild, moderate, severe conditions according to Chinese Clinical Guidance for COVID-19 Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment (7th edition). T tests and Chi-square tests were used for two-group comparisons. One-way ANOVA was used for three-group comparisons. Pearson and spearman correlation coefficients of the D-dimer level with IL-6 and CT imaging were computed at baseline. With regular liquid biopsy approach, D-dimer, IL-6, NLR was recorded repeatedly with time curve to investigate the disease progression, along with CT imaging, and other indicators. Results All the 64 patients were clinically evaluated and classified into three groups of mild (32 cases), moderate (23 cases), severe (9 cases). D-dimer level positively correlated with IL-6 (R=0.5) at the base line when COVID-19 infected patients were admitted. In addition, we observed that D-dimer rises early than cytokine storm represented by IL-6 surge, which suggests that coagulopathy might act as trigger to potentiate cytokines storm. Conclusion Integrated analysis revealed the positive correlation of coagulopathy with cytokine storm in COVID-19 infected patients, D-dimer rise early, which indicated coagulopathy act as a prodrome of cytokine storm. Coagulopathy can be used to monitor early cytokine storm in COVID-19 infected patients.
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    COVID-19 Infection and Guillain-Barre Syndrome: A Case Series
    (Cureus, 2022-02-07) Carpenter, Kendal; Iqbal, Ayman; Singh, Romil; Deepika, Keerti; Koritala, Thoyaja; Jain, Nitesh; Alur, Ram Sanjeev; Adhikari, Ramesh; Mellekate, Vishwas S.; Neurology, School of Medicine
    The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought about an unprecedented time. Multiple systemic complications have been recognized with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as it can do much more than affect the respiratory system. One of the intriguing neurological complications is Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). We reviewed three cases in which patients presented with GBS following COVID-19 infection. All three cases had positive lumbar puncture results with albumino-cytological dissociation. Each patient was treated with plasmapheresis and improved clinically. Although an exact causal relationship between COVID-19 and GBS cannot be drawn from this case series alone, it signifies the importance of this complication. It warrants further studies to establish the causal relationship. One should have a high suspicion for acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) in patients presenting with acute onset of ascending weakness following COVID-19 infection.
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    The Impacts of COVID-19 on Musculoskeletal Health
    (Springer, 2022) Awosanya, Olatundun D.; Dadwal, Ushashi C.; Imel, Erik A.; Yu, Qigui; Kacena, Melissa A.; Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine
    Purpose of review: Although COVID-19 was originally characterized as a respiratory disease, recent findings have shown lingering side effects in those who have recovered, and much is still unknown about the long-term consequences of the illness. Thus, the potential of unearthing multi-system dysfunction is high, with current data revealing significant impacts on musculoskeletal health. Recent findings: Multiple animal models of COVID-19 infection have revealed significant post-infection bone loss at several different skeletal sites. While how this loss occurred is unknown, this current review discusses the primary bone loss studies, and examines the possible mechanisms of action including: direct infection of bone marrow macrophages or hematopoietic progenitors, a proinflammatory response as a result of the COVID-19 induced cytokine storm, and/or a result of hypoxia and oxidative stress. This review will further examine how therapeutics used to treat COVID-19 affect the skeletal system. Finally, this review will examine the possible consequence that delayed care and limited healthcare accessibility has on musculoskeletal-related patient outcomes. It is important to investigate the potential impact COVID-19 infection has on musculoskeletal health.