Browsing by Subject "Climate change"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 16
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    Annual Precipitation and Discharge Drive Increases in Escherichia Coli Concentrations in an Urban Stream
    (Elsevier, 2022) Li, Rui; Filippelli, Gabriel; Wang, Lixin; Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Science
    Determining climate change influences on E. coli dynamics in urban aquatic systems and predicting future E. coli changes are important to regulate water quality. In this study, data from 6985 measurements of E. coli from 1999-2019 in the Indianapolis, Indiana (USA) urban waterway Pleasant Run were analyzed by Mann-Kendall and multiple linear regression to examine long term trends in E. coli concentrations and loads, and to project E. coli concentrations under future climate change scenarios. E. coli concentrations and loads monotonically increased over the last two decades, with E. coli concentrations increasing from 111 MPN/100 mL in 1999 to 911 MPN/100 mL in 2019. E. coli loads increased from 5×10 12 MPN/year to 90×10 12 MPN/year over the same period. E. coli showed peak concentration in summer, and significantly higher concentration in sites with Combined Sewer Outfalls relative to those without. Precipitation had both direct and indirect impacts on E. coli concentrations, meditated by stream discharge. Multiple linear regression results showed annual precipitation and discharge accounted for 60% of E. coli concentration variations. Based on the observed precipitation-discharge- E. coli concentration relationship, the projection results showed that, in the highest emission RCP 8.5 climate scenario, E. coli concentrations in 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s will be 1350 MPN/100mL, 1386 MPN/100mL, and 1443 MPN/100mL, respectively.
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    Call for papers: A special issue on tackling emerging infectious diseases
    (Elsevier, 2021-08-04) Frederickson, Robert M.; Herzog, Roland W.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
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    Climate change threatens drinking water quality across the Great Lakes
    (The Conversation US, Inc., 2020-04-29) Filippeli, Gabriel; Ortiz, Joseph D.; Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Science
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    Decision 2020 Electing Indiana's Future: Addressing 21st Century Environmental Challenges
    (2020-09) Kharbanda, Jesse; McCabe, Janet; Frank, Indra; Hoffman, Jill
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    Drivers of woody dominance across global drylands
    (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2024-10-11) Biancari, Lucio; Aguiar, Martín R.; Eldridge, David J.; Oñatibia, Gastón R.; Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann; Saiz, Hugo; Gross, Nicolas; Austin, Amy T.; Ochoa, Victoria; Gozalo, Beatriz; Asensio, Sergio; Guirado, Emilio; Valencia, Enrique; Berdugo, Miguel; Plaza, César; Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime; Mendoza, Betty J.; García-Gómez, Miguel; Abedi, Mehdi; Ahumada, Rodrigo J.; Alcántara, Julio M.; Amghar, Fateh; Anadón, José D.; Aramayo, Valeria; Arredondo, Tulio; Bader, Maaike Y.; Bahalkeh, Khadijeh; Ben Salem, Farah; Blaum, Niels; Boldgiv, Bazartseren; Bowker, Matthew; Branquinho, Cristina; Bu, Chongfeng; Byambatsogt, Batbold; Calvo, Dianela A.; Castillo Monroy, Andrea P.; Castro, Helena; Castro-Quezada, Patricio; Chibani, Roukaya; Conceição, Abel A.; Currier, Courtney M.; Donoso, David A.; Dougill, Andrew; Ejtehadi, Hamid; Espinosa, Carlos I.; Fajardo, Alex; Farzam, Mohammad; Ferrante, Daniela; Fraser, Lauchlan H.; Gaitán, Juan J.; Gherardi, Laureano A.; Gusmán-Montalván, Elizabeth; Hernández-Hernández, Rosa M.; Hölzel, Norbert; Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth; Hughes, Frederic M.; Jadán, Oswaldo; Jeltsch, Florian; Jentsch, Anke; Ju, Mengchen; Kaseke, Kudzai F.; Kindermann, Liana; Köbel, Melanie; le Roux, Peter C.; Liancourt, Pierre; Linstädter, Anja; Liu, Jushan; Louw, Michelle A.; Maggs-Kölling, Gillian; Malam Issa, Oumarou; Marais, Eugene; Margerie, Pierre; Messeder, João Vitor S.; Mora, Juan P.; Moreno, Gerardo; Munson, Seth M.; Oliva, Gabriel; Pueyo, Yolanda; Quiroga, R. Emiliano; Reed, Sasha C.; Rey, Pedro J.; Rodríguez, Alexandra; Rodríguez, Laura B.; Rolo, Víctor; Ruppert, Jan C.; Sala, Osvaldo; Salah, Ayman; Stavi, Ilan; Stephens, Colton R. A.; Swemmer, Anthony M.; Teixido, Alberto L.; Thomas, Andrew D.; Throop, Heather L.; Tielbörger, Katja; Travers, Samantha K.; van den Brink, Liesbeth; Wagner, Viktoria; Wamiti, Wanyoike; Wang, Deli; Wang, Lixin; Wolff, Peter; Yahdjian, Laura; Zaady, Eli; Maestre, Fernando T.; Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Science
    Increases in the abundance of woody species have been reported to affect the provisioning of ecosystem services in drylands worldwide. However, it is virtually unknown how multiple biotic and abiotic drivers, such as climate, grazing, and fire, interact to determine woody dominance across global drylands. We conducted a standardized field survey in 304 plots across 25 countries to assess how climatic features, soil properties, grazing, and fire affect woody dominance in dryland rangelands. Precipitation, temperature, and grazing were key determinants of tree and shrub dominance. The effects of grazing were determined not solely by grazing pressure but also by the dominant livestock species. Interactions between soil, climate, and grazing and differences in responses to these factors between trees and shrubs were key to understanding changes in woody dominance. Our findings suggest that projected changes in climate and grazing pressure may increase woody dominance in drylands, altering their structure and functioning.
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    Geophysical evidence for Holocene lake-level change in southern California (Dry Lake)
    (Wiley, 2010) Bird, Broxton W.; Kirby, Matthew E.; Howat, Ian M.; Tulaczyk, Slawek; Earth Sciences, School of Science
    Ground penetrating radar (GPR) data are used in combination with previously published sediment cores to develop a Holocene history of basin sedimentation in a small, alpine lake in southern California (Dry Lake). The GPR data identify three depositional sequences spanning the past 9000 calendar years before present (cal. yr BP). Sequence I represents the first phase of an early Holocene highstand. A regression between <8320 and >8120 cal. yr BP separates Sequence I from Sequence II, perhaps associated with the 8200 cal. yr BP cold event. Sequence II represents the second phase of the early-to-mid Holocene highstand. Sequence IIIa represents a permanent shift to predominantly low lake stands beginning ∼5550 cal. yr BP. This mid-Holocene shift was accompanied by a dramatic decrease in sedimentation rate as well as a contraction of the basin's area of sedimentation. By ∼1860 cal. yr BP (Sequence IIIb), the lake was restricted to the modern, central basin. Taken together, the GPR and core data indicate a wet early Holocene followed by a long-term Holocene drying trend. The similarity in ages of the early Holocene highstand across the greater southern California region suggests a common external forcing – perhaps modulation of early Holocene storm activity by insolation. However, regional lake level records are less congruous following the initial early Holocene highstand, which may indicate a change in the spatial domain of climate forcing(s) throughout the Holocene in western North America.
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    Health Impact Assessment: The Impacts of Increasing Tree Canopy Coverage in Marion County, Indiana
    (Society of Practitioners of Health Impact Assessment, 2022) Kampman, Haleigh; Whitlock, Annika; Hosler, Heidi; Health Policy and Management, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health
    Background: Urban tree canopies help to address issues of climate change related to all dimensions of health. Certain areas of the city of Indianapolis are more prone to the negative effects that lack of tree coverage can cause. This assessment explored the short term and potential long-term impacts of the efforts to increase the tree canopy coverage in vulnerable areas of Indianapolis. This effort was a collaboration of faculty members from the Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis Department of Public Works, Keep Indianapolis Beautiful, and the Indianapolis Office of Sustainability. Methods: Our team used the standard seven-step Health Impact Assessment (HIA) process to make the recommendations provided. Using direct observation of the neighborhood, secondary data collection, literature review, and a key stakeholder interview, we examined key dimensions of health including environmental, physical, and personal health outcomes resulting from increased tree canopy coverage within census tract 3505 of Marion County, Indiana. Results: Increasing the percentage of tree canopy coverage in census tract 3505 – Crown Hill has significant positive health impacts with minimal negative outcomes. Such impacts may be, but are not subject to, lower temperatures, reduced cases of respiratory and cardiac infections/illnesses, promoting animal life, increasing neighborhood property values and filtering pollutants that result from human production activity. Conclusions: Further implementation of the Thrive Indianapolis project has broad positive implications for the community members living in this area. While few negative implications were found, we make recommendations to mitigate these effects while attempting to supplement the current project plan with a focus on the effects to human health.
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    Infections and Acute Kidney Injury: A Global Perspective
    (Elsevier, 2023) Batte, Anthony; Shahrin, Lubaba; Claure-Del Granado, Rolando; Luyckx, Valerie A.; Conroy, Andrea L.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Globally, there are an estimated 13.3 million cases of acute kidney injury (AKI) annually. Although infections are a common cause of AKI globally, most infection-associated AKI occurs in low- and lower-middle-income countries. There are marked differences in the etiology of infection-associated AKI across age groups, populations at risk, and geographic location. This article provides a global overview of different infections that are associated commonly with AKI, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), human immunodeficiency virus, malaria, dengue, leptospirosis, tick-borne illnesses, and viral hemorrhagic fevers. Further discussion focuses on infectious conditions associated with AKI including sepsis, diarrheal diseases and pregnancy, peripartum and neonatal AKI. This article also discusses the future of infection-associated AKI in the framework of climate change. It explores how increased investment in achieving the sustainable development goals may contribute to the International Society of Nephrology's 0 by 25 objective to curtail avoidable AKI-related fatalities by 2025.
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    One Health, climate change, and infectious microbes: a joint effort between AGU and ASM to understand impacts of changing climate and microbes on human well-being across scales
    (American Society for Microbiology, 2024) Jutla, Antarpreet; Filippelli, Gabriel M.; McMahon, Katherine D.; Tringe, Susannah G.; Colwell, Rita R.; Nguyen, Helen; Imperiale, Michael J.; Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Science