IU Indianapolis ScholarWorks :: Browsing by Subject "Cerebral Palsy"

Browsing by Subject "Cerebral Palsy"

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Anita Slominski and the Cerebral Palsy Clinic
(Riley Children's Health, 2023-04) Schreiner, Richard L.; Stroup, Karen Bruner
The attitudes of dentists in Indiana toward the treatment of patients with cerebral palsy
(1977) Wickliffe, Thomas James, 1946-; Gish, Charles W., 1923-; Koerber, Leonard G.; Roche, James R., 1924-; Starkey, Paul E.; Barton, Paul
The attitudes of Indiana dentists toward the treatment of cerebral palsied patients were investigated. A two-page questionnaire constructed by the investigator was used. A sample of 506 dentists were selected: 402 general practitioners chosen on the basis of year of graduation, location and community size; and 104 specialists chosen on the basis of geographic location and type of practice. All of the practicing specialties were represented. Eighty percent of the questionnaires were returned, including 75 percent of general practitioners and 97 percent of specialists. The first hypothesis, that general practitioners are reluctant to treat cerebral palsied patients, was disproved. Forty-eight percent of the general practitioners had treated one or more such patients in the past year and 84 percent indicated willingness to treat these patients. The general practitioners cited a lack of proper equipment and a feeling of apprehension as problems. The second hypothesis, that the general practitioner in a community of less than 2,500 is more reluctant to treat cerebral palsied patients than those in a larger city, was also disproved. No statistically significant difference was found based on community size. The third hypothesis, that the general practitioner who has graduated from dental school within the last 10 years is less reluctant to treat these patients than earlier graduates, was also disproved. No statistically significant difference was found between these groups. The fourth hypothesis, that the general practitioner feels that he did not receive adequate education concerning treatment of these patients and is willing to acquire more knowledge, was verified. The fifth hypothesis, that the specialist is less reluctant to treat patients with cerebral palsy than is the general practitioners was verified. Nearly 90 per cent of the specialists indicated a willingness to treat patients with cerebral palsy.
A comparison of maxillary arch form between groups of cerebral palsied and normal children
(1971) Dummett, Clifton Orrin, Jr.; Gish, Charles W., 1923-; McDonald, Ralph E., 1920-; Roche, James R., 1924-; Shafer, William G.; Garner, La Forrest Dean, 1933-
The purpose of this study was to compare the maxillary dental arch form and palatal vault form between 98 cerebral palsied and 76 normal children. All subjects were divided into three categories based on their dental eruption. The cerebral palsy subjects were further divided into the regional classifications of diplegia, paraplegia, hemiplegia, and quadriplegia, and the descriptive classifications of spasticity, athetosis, and mixed. The maxillary dental arch form was described by an index number which reflected intercuspid width, intermolar width, anterior-posterior length, and degree of divergence of the posterior segments. The palatal vault form v1as described by the angle of divergence of the palatal walls at an established reference point from a cross-sectional view. All measurements were made from study models and Xerox photocopies of study model cross-sections. In addition, those occlusal discrepancies that were thought to influence arch form, i.e., posterior unilateral and bilateral crossbite, anterior crossbite, anterior open bite, and posterior dental asymmetry were tabulated. Statistical analysis of the results revealed no significant difference in maxillary dental arch form between the cerebral palsied and normal children. The same held true for palatal vault form. Significant differences did occur between primary, mixed, and permanent dentitions for both cerebral palsied and non-handicapped groups. The results suggest that the neuromuscular handicap has little effect on the form of the maxillary dental arch. On the basis of this study, it appears that there is no particular type of maxillary arch form that is peculiar to cerebral palsy.
Effectiveness of oral hygiene instruction to parents of preschool cerebral palsy children
(1974) Ditto, Roland R., 1943-; Roche, James R., 1924-; Katz, Simon, 1920-1987; Starkey, Paul E.; Koerber, Leonard G.; Barton, Paul
The lack of an effective method for teaching oral hygiene procedures to parents of handicapped children prompted this investigation. Seventy-nine preschool cerebral palsy children were randomly distributed according to age and sex into three groups. The parents of these groups received the following instruction: Group I - written instructions for a detailed approach to oral hygiene maintenance in the home as if the child were without handicap; Group II - written instructions for a specialized approach to home oral hygiene maintenance with emphasis on two people providing the care, and mouth propping for access and stability of the arms and legs; Group III - no specific oral hygiene instructions. Each child in each group received a thorough oral examination and deposits of dental plaque were disclosed, numerically scored and recorded. Each parent of the three study groups participated in a written examination of dental knowledge at each visit. After each examination, the correct answers were given to the parent by both a verbal and written response. Parents and children returned at 90-day intervals. Variables such as transportation, surgery performed during the period of study, deteriorating health in the child, parental apathy about dental problems, and change in family job or location, reduced the sample from seventy-nine to fifty-four subjects, with data being obtained for pre- and post- examination periods. Both test group of parents significantly improved their dental knowledge scores after ninety days. However, none of the children decreased their plaque enough to show statistical significance. Perhaps there was some motivational improvement in the Group II parents, as they returned for the examination at a better rate, judged to be significant as compared to the other groups. Further investigation is recommended either to study the technique by itself without a time interval between scores or to evaluate the factors of intelligence, economic level, gravity of medical situation, and sibling support as they offset changes in behavior. Until then, it appears on the basis of this study that it is possible to increase the parent's knowledge of oral health but that changing the behavior of the parent actually performing the task is much more difficult.
Effects of Virtual and Augmented Reality on Occupational Performance in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review
(2023-05-04) Shin, Christina; Brown, Katelyn; Ridgeway, Mariah; Ueki, Mio; Chase, Anthony; Sego, Daniel; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive and permanent motor disability that affects the development of movement and posture due to abnormal brain development or damage to an immature brain. It often presents with motor, cognitive, sensory, and behavioral impairments that limit occupational performance and quality of life. CP affects about two to three children in every 1,000 live births, making it the most common motor disability in childhood (Metin et al., 2013). Virtual and augmented reality (V&AR) has emerged as an innovative therapeutic intervention that targets motor and cognitive rehabilitation in children with CP through its task-oriented, interactive, and intensive training system. However, there has been limited research on its effectiveness in the CP population due to its novelty and variety of interventions available. In this systematic review, a comprehensive literature review of 20 studies was conducted to evaluate the effects of V&AR on occupational performance in children with CP. The results of this review support the use of V&AR interventions in expanding and guiding rehabilitative practitioners who work with children with CP.
An electromyographic study of the orbicularis oris muscle of cerebral palsied spastic hemiplegics
(1961) Buckley, Robert R., 1925-
The orbicularis oris muscle of fourteen individuals including seven cerebral palsied spastic hemplegics and seven normal individuals with Class I occlusion was examined electro-myographically to determine any differences in muscle activity on the right and left side of the lips. The age range was between eight years and seventeen years. No limitations were placed on age, sex, or race since the purpose of the study was to determine any differences in activity between the right and left sides of the orbicularis oris muscle. A six channel Polygraph Grass Model 5A was used with paired surface electrodes attached to each quadrant of the lips and connected to four channels of the Polygraph. When the lips were at rest, no muscle activity was detected for either group. When the lips were tested during voluntary swallowing, involuntary swallowing associated with straw drinking and holding the lips together, the activity was fairly equal and symmetrical in the normal group. However, in the cerebral palsied spastic hemiplegics, there was increased muscle activity in the orbicularis oris muscle on the hemiplegic side.
Enamel hypoplasia in cerebral palsied children
(1961) Herman, Stanley C., 1933-
An evaluation of occlusion of cerebral palsied children
(1963) Rosenbaum, Charles Herbert, 1935-
The purpose of this study was to provide information concerning occlusion and related problems in cerebral palsied children. A group of 124 cerebral palsied children between the ages of 6 and 12 years were examined at the Cerebral Palsy Dental Clinic, Indiana University. The occlusion was evaluated according to Angle's classification. In addition, a recording was made of overjet, over-bite, open bite, cuspid relationships, crossbite and midline discrepancies. The examination included a clinical evaluation of the swallowing pattern of each child. The cerebral palsy classification and I.Q. scores were recorded for each cerebral palsied child after a comprehensive review of his medical record. These findings were compared with a control group of 141 similar aged non-cerebral palsied children examined at Indiana University, Pedodontic department. The cerebral palsied group had an average increased overjet of 0.8 mm. and an average decreased overbite of 0.5 mm., representing an upward and outward positioning of the maxillary anterior segment. Anterior open bite was present in a similar percentage of both groups, but in the cerebral palsied group the measurement recorded was more than twice as great as that recorded in the control group. Forty-four per cent of the cerebral palsied children exhibited bruxism, more than twice the percentage of cases recorded in the control group. The cerebral palsied children exhibited bruxism most frequently in the day time, and was most common in the athetoid group. Other measurements recorded were not significantly different between the two groups. From this study one can conclude that malocclusion and factors affecting occlusion are not found with greater frequency in cerebral palsied children.
Health benefits of seated speed, resistance, and power training for an individual with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy: A case report
(IOS Press, 2015-09-06) Gannotti, Mary E.; Fuchs, Robyn Kimberly; Roberts, Dawn E.; Hobbs, Nedda; Cannon, Ian M.; Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences
Children with moderate to severe cerebral palsy are at risk for low bone mass for chronological age, which compounds risk in adulthood for progressive deformity and chronic pain. Physical activity and exercise can be a key component to optimizing bone health. In this case report we present a young adult male with non-ambulatory, spastic quadriplegia CP whom began a seated speed, resistance, and power training exercise program at age 14.5 years. Exercise program continued into adulthood as part of an active lifestyle. The individual had a history of failure to thrive, bowel and bladder incontinence, reduced bone mineral density (BMD) for age, and spinal deformity at the time exercise was initiated. Participation in the exercise program began once a week for 1.5-2 hours/session, and progressed to 3-5 times per week after two years. This exercise program is now a component of his habitual lifestyle. Over the 6 years he was followed, lumbar spine and total hip BMD Z-scores did not worsen, which may be viewed as a positive outcome given his level of gross motor impairment. Additionally, the individual reported less back pain, improved bowel and bladder control, increased energy level, and never sustained an exercise related injury. Findings from this case report suggest a regular program of seated speed, resistance, power training may promote overall well-being, are safe, and should be considered as a mechanism for optimizing bone health.
Higher or Lower Hemoglobin Transfusion Thresholds for Preterm Infants
(Massachusetts Medical Society, 2020-12-01) Kirpalani, Haresh; Bell, Edward F.; Hintz, Susan R.; Tan, Sylvia; Schmidt, Barbara; Chaudhary, Aasma S.; Johnson, Karen J.; Crawford, Margaret M.; Newman, Jamie E.; Vohr, Betty R.; Carlo, Waldemar A.; D'Angio, Carl T.; Kennedy, Kathleen A.; Ohls, Robin K.; Poindexter, Brenda B.; Schibler, Kurt; Whyte, Robin K.; Widness, John A.; Zupancic, John A.F.; Wyckoff, Myra H.; Truog, William E.; Walsh, Michele C.; Chock, Valerie Y.; Laptook, Abbot R.; Sokol, Gregory M.; Yoder, Bradley A.; Patel, Ravi M.; Cotten, C. Michael; Carmen, Melissa F.; Devaskar, Uday; Chawla, Sanjay; Seabrook, Ruth; Higgins, Rosemary D.; Das, Abhik; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
Background: Limited data suggest that higher hemoglobin thresholds for red-cell transfusions may reduce the risk of cognitive delay among extremely-low-birth-weight infants with anemia. Methods: We performed an open, multicenter trial in which infants with a birth weight of 1000 g or less and a gestational age between 22 weeks 0 days and 28 weeks 6 days were randomly assigned within 48 hours after delivery to receive red-cell transfusions at higher or lower hemoglobin thresholds until 36 weeks of postmenstrual age or discharge, whichever occurred first. The primary outcome was a composite of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (cognitive delay, cerebral palsy, or hearing or vision loss) at 22 to 26 months of age, corrected for prematurity. Results: A total of 1824 infants (mean birth weight, 756 g; mean gestational age, 25.9 weeks) underwent randomization. There was a between-group difference of 1.9 g per deciliter (19 g per liter) in the pretransfusion mean hemoglobin levels throughout the treatment period. Primary outcome data were available for 1692 infants (92.8%). Of 845 infants in the higher-threshold group, 423 (50.1%) died or survived with neurodevelopmental impairment, as compared with 422 of 847 infants (49.8%) in the lower-threshold group (relative risk adjusted for birth-weight stratum and center, 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92 to 1.10; P = 0.93). At 2 years, the higher- and lower-threshold groups had similar incidences of death (16.2% and 15.0%, respectively) and neurodevelopmental impairment (39.6% and 40.3%, respectively). At discharge from the hospital, the incidences of survival without severe complications were 28.5% and 30.9%, respectively. Serious adverse events occurred in 22.7% and 21.7%, respectively. Conclusions: In extremely-low-birth-weight infants, a higher hemoglobin threshold for red-cell transfusion did not improve survival without neurodevelopmental impairment at 22 to 26 months of age, corrected for prematurity.

Browsing by Subject "Cerebral Palsy"

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